3 Xia Y N, Whitesides G M. Soft lithography. Annu Rev Mater Sci, 1998, 28: 153-184？？
[2]
4 Xia Y N, Whitesides G M. Soft lithography. Angew Chem Int Edit, 1998, 37: 551-575
[3]
6 McDonald J C, Duffy D C, Anderson J R, et al. Fabrication of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Electrophoresis, 2000, 21:27-40？？
[4]
7 Effenhauser C S, Bruin G J M, Paulus A, et al. Integrated capillary electrophoresis on flexible silicone microdevices: Analysis of DNArestriction fragments and detection of single DNA molecules on microchips. Anal Chem, 1997, 69: 3451-3457？？
[5]
11 Wheeler A R, Throndset W R, Whelan R J, et al. Microfluidic device for single-cell analysis. Anal Chem, 2003, 75: 3581-3586？？
[6]
12 Di Carlo D, Aghdam N, Lee L P. Single-cell enzyme concentrations, kinetics, and inhibition analysis using high-density hydrodynamiccell isolation arrays. Anal Chem, 2006, 78: 4925-4930？？
[7]
13 Wlodkowic D, Faley S, Zagnoni M, et al. Microfluidic single-cell array cytometry for the analysis of tumor apoptosis. Anal Chem, 2009,81: 5517-5523？？
[8]
14 Ye N N, Qin J H, Shi W W, et al. Cell-based high content screening using an integrated microfluidic device. Lab Chip, 2007, 7:1696-1704？？
[9]
16 Wang Z H, Kim M C, Marquez M, et al. High-density microfluidic arrays for cell cytotoxicity analysis. Lab Chip, 2007, 7: 740-745？？
[10]
17 Skelley A M, Kirak O, Suh H, et al. Microfluidic control of cell pairing and fusion. Nat Methods, 2009, 6: 147-152？？
[11]
18 Gomez-Sjoberg R, Leyrat A A, Pirone D M, et al. Versatile, fully automated, microfluidic cell culture system. Anal Chem, 2007, 79:8557-8563？？
[12]
19 Taylor R J, Falconnet D, Niemisto A, et al. Dynamic analysis of MAPK signaling using a high-throughput microfluidic single-cellimaging platform. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106: 3758-3763？？
[13]
20 Emrich C A, Tian H J, Medintz I L, et al. Microfabricated 384-lane capillary array electrophoresis bioanalyzer for ultrahigh-throughputgenetic analysis. Anal Chem, 2002, 74: 5076-5083？？
[14]
21 Toriello N M, Douglas E S, Thaitrong N, et al. Integrated microfluidic bioprocessor for single-cell gene expression analysis. Proc NatlAcad Sci USA, 2008, 105: 20173？？
[15]
22 Wu A R, Hiatt J B, Lu R, et al. Automated microfluidic chromatin immunoprecipitation from 2,000 cells. Lab Chip, 2009, 9: 1365-1370
[16]
23 Marcus J S, Anderson W F, Quake S R. Microfluidic single-cell mRNA isolation and analysis. Anal Chem, 2006, 78: 3084-3089？？
[17]
26 Toriello N M, Liu C N, Mathies R A. Multichannel reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction microdevice for rapid gene expressionand biomarker analysis. Anal Chem, 2006, 78: 7997-8003？？
[18]
28 Ottesen E A, Hong J W, Quake S R, et al. Microfluidic digital PCR enables multigene analysis of individual environmental bacteria.Science, 2006, 314: 1464-1467？？
[19]
29 Fan H C, Quake S R. Detection of aneuploidy with digital polymerase chain reaction. Anal Chem, 2007, 79: 7576-7579？？
[20]
30 Fan H C, Blumenfeld Y J, El-Sayed Y Y, et al. Microfluidic digital PCR enables rapid prenatal diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy. Am J ObstetGynecol, 2009, 200: 543.e1-543.e7
[21]
31 Wang J B, Zhou Y, Qiu H W, et al. A chip-to-chip nanoliter microfluidic dispenser. Lab Chip, 2009, 9: 1831-1835？？
[22]
35 Hansen C L, Sommer M O A, Quake S R. Systematic investigation of protein phase behavior with a microfluidic formulator. Proc NatlAcad Sci USA, 2004, 101: 14431-14436？？
[23]
39 Lee C C, Sui G D, Elizarov A, et al. Multistep synthesis of a radiolabeled imaging probe using integrated microfluidics. Science, 2005,310: 1793-1796？？
[24]
42 Lee C C, Snyder T M, Quake S R. A microfluidic oligonucleotide synthesizer. Nucleic Acids Res, 2010, 38: 2514-2521？？
[25]
5 Duffy D C, McDonald J C, Schueller O J A, et al. Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Anal Chem, 1998,70: 4974-4984？？
[26]
8 Whitesides G M, Stroock A D. Flexible methods for microfluidics. Phys Today, 2001, 54: 42-48
[27]
9 Unger M A, Chou H P, Thorsen T, et al. Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography. Science, 2000, 288:113-116？？
[28]
10 Thorsen T, Maerkl S J, Quake S R. Microfluidic large-scale integration. Science, 2002, 298: 580-584？？
[29]
15 Ma B, Zhang G, Qin J, et al. Characterization of drug metabolites and cytotoxicity assay simultaneously using an integrated microfluidicdevice. Lab Chip, 2009, 9: 232-238？？
[30]
24 Cai L, Friedman N, Xie X S. Stochastic protein expression in individual cells at the single molecule level. Nature, 2006, 440: 358-362？？
[31]
25 Taniguchi Y, Choi P J, Li G W, et al. Quantifying E-coli proteome and transcriptome with single-molecule sensitivity in single cells.Science, 2010, 329: 533-538？？
[32]
27 Warren L, Bryder D, Weissman I L, et al. Transcription factor profiling in individual hematopoietic progenitors by digital RT-PCR. ProcNatl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103: 17807-17812？？
[33]
32 Lai S, Wang S N, Luo J, et al. Design of a compact disk-like microfluidic platform for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anal Chem,2004, 76: 1832-1837？？
[34]
33 Maerkl S J, Quake S R. A systems approach to measuring the binding energy landscapes of transcription factors. Science, 2007, 315:233-237？？
[35]
34 Gerber D, Maerkl S J, Quake S R. An in vitro microfluidic approach to generating protein-interaction networks. Nat Methods, 2009, 6:71-74？？
[36]
36 Li L, Mustafi D, Fu Q, et al. Nanoliter microfluidic hybrid method for simultaneous screening and optimization validated withcrystallization of membrane proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103: 19243-19248？？
[37]
37 Zheng B, Tice J D, Roach L S, et al. A droplet-based, composite PDMS/glass capillary microfluidic system for evaluating proteincrystallization conditions by microbatch and vapor-diffusion methods with on-chip X-ray diffraction. Angew Chem Int Edit, 2004, 43:2508-2511？？
[38]
38 Li L, Du W, Ismagilov R F. Multiparameter screening on SlipChip used for nanoliter protein crystallization combining free interfacediffusion and microbatch methods. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 112-119？？
[39]
40 Wang Y J, Lin W Y, Liu K, et al. An integrated microfluidic device for large-scale in situ click chemistry screening. Lab Chip, 2009, 9:2281-2285？？
[40]
41 Huang Y Y, Castrataro P, Lee C C, et al. Solvent resistant microfluidic DNA synthesizer. Lab Chip, 2007, 7: 24-26？？
[41]
1 Terry S C. A gas chromatographic air analyser fabricated on silicon wafer using integrated circuit technology. Dissertation for theDoctoral Degree. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University, 1975
[42]
2 Manz A, Graber N, Widmer H M. Miniaturized total chemical-analysis systems—A novel concept for chemical sensing. Sensor ActuatB-Chem, 1990, 1: 244-248？？
