全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
科学通报  2011 

关于中国土壤碳库及固碳潜力研究的若干问题

, PP. 2162-2173

Keywords: 土壤碳库,土壤固碳,有机碳稳定性,温室气体排放,土壤碳科学

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

土壤碳库研究及碳汇问题是近年来土壤碳循环与全球变化研究的热点领域.本文回顾了中国土壤碳库估算的研究成果,分析了我国土壤碳库在气候变化下的演变态势,并探讨了土壤有机碳矿化与温室气体的释放问题.整合已有的研究资料,可以认为中国土壤总有机碳库接近90Pg,无机碳库约为60Pg,农田土壤已有的固碳速率在20~25Tg/a水平.农田土壤固碳的理论容量可以达到2.0Pg水平,但农业技术的实施能够实现的技术潜力可能仅为理论潜力的1/3左右.因此,改善土壤管理和农田经营机制可能是提高土壤固碳技术潜力的关键.土壤固碳中有机碳积累并不表现出分解的敏感性,固碳显得有利于提高农田生产力和改善生态系统功能,一些农田综合温室气体排放的生命周期评价的案例研究反而显示有机质积累下农业生产的碳排放强度没有提高甚而降低.未来中国土壤碳库研究的重点发展方向在于(1)以流域为尺度和地球表层系统为对象的系统固碳与碳汇研究;(2)生态系统土壤碳固定与稳定机制,特别是土壤固碳与生产力和生态服务功能的协同机理和多界面过程.中国土壤碳科学将面临多学科集成和多目标服务的新发展机遇.

References

[1]  75 郑聚锋, 张旭辉, 潘根兴, 等. 水稻土基底呼吸与CO2 排放强度的日动态及长期不同施肥下的变化. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2006, 12: 485-494
[2]  77 李洁静, 潘根兴, 张旭辉, 等. 太湖地区长期施肥条件下水稻-油菜轮作生态系统净碳汇效应及收益评. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20:1664-1670
[3]  78 李洁静, 潘根兴, 李恋卿, 等. 红壤丘陵双季稻稻田农田生态系统不同施肥下碳汇效应及收益评估. 农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28:2520-2525
[4]  81 郑聚锋, 潘根兴, 李恋卿. 长期不同施肥下水稻土CH4 氧化能力及甲烷氧化菌多样性的变化. 生态学报, 2008, 28: 4864-4872
[5]  82 冯伟, 潘根兴, 强胜, 等. 长期不同施肥方式对稻油轮作田土壤杂草种子库多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 2006, 14: 461-469
[6]  83 韩晓君, 潘根兴, 李恋卿. 长期不同施肥处理下有机质含量变化对土壤中多环芳烃降解的影响——以太湖地区黄泥土长期试验为例. 农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28: 2533-2539
[7]  84 Pan G, Smith P, Pan W. The role of soil organic matter in maintaining the productivity and yield stability of cereals in China. AgricEcosyst Environ, 2009, 129: 344-348
[8]  85 Pan G, Zhou P, Li Z, et al. Combined inorganic/organic fertilization enhances N efficiency and increases rice productivity through organiccarbon accumulation in a rice paddy from the Tai Lake region, China. Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2009, 131: 274-280??
[9]  86 潘根兴, 赵其国. 我田土壤碳库演变研究: 全球变化和国家粮食安全. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20: 384-392
[10]  89 农业部办公厅, 财政部办公厅. 2010 年全国测土配方施肥补贴项目实施指导意见. 2010
[11]  90 柳铮铮, 曾从盛, 钟春棋, 等. 酸沉降对泥炭地甲烷排放和碳循环的影响. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27: 1799-1805
[12]  91 Zhang X H, Li L Q, Pan G X. Topsoil organic carbon mineralization and CO2 evolution of three paddy soils from South China and thetemperature dependence. J Environ Sci, 2007, 19: 319-326??
[13]  92 Grandy A S, Robertson G P. Land use intensity effects on soil C accumulation rates and mechanisms. Ecosystems, 2007, 10: 59-74??
[14]  93 潘根兴, 周萍, 李恋卿, 等. 固碳土壤学的核心科学问题与研究进展. 土壤学报, 2007, 44: 327-337
[15]  94 Leinweber P, Jandl G, Baum C, et al. Stability, composition of soil organic matter control respiration and soil enzyme activities. Soil BiolBiochem, 2008, 40: 1496-1505??
[16]  95 Kemmitt S J, Lanyon C V, Waite I S, et al. Mineralization of native soil organic matter is not regulated by the size, activity or compositionof the soil microbial biomass—A new perspective. Soil Biol Biochem, 2008, 40: 61-73??
[17]  96 Fang C, Smith P, Moncrieff J B, et al. Similar response of labile and resistant soil organic matter pools to changes in temperature. Nature,2005, 433: 57-59??
[18]  104 Bader N E, Cheng W. Rhizosphere effect of Populus fremontii roots masks the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon respiration.Soil Biol Biochem, 2007, 39: 600-606??
[19]  105 Pendall E, King J Y. Soil organic matter dynamics in grassland soils under elevated CO2: Insights from long-term incubations and stableisotopes. Soil Biol Biochem, 2007, 39: 2628-2639??
[20]  106 宋长春, 王毅勇, 王跃思, 等. 沼泽垦殖前后土壤呼吸与CH4 通量变化. 土壤通报, 2005, 36: 45-49
[21]  107 郑聚锋, 潘根兴, 吴新民, 等. 淡水湿地土壤呼吸动态及有机碳稳定性研究——以安徽省升金湖湿地为例. 湿地科学, 2011, 9: 132-139
[22]  108 迟传德, 许信旺, 吴新民, 等. 安徽省升金湖湿地土壤有机碳储存及分布. 地球与环境, 2006, 34: 59-64
[23]  113 Zou J W, Lu Y Y, Huang Y. Estimates of synthetic fertilizer N-induced direct nitrous oxide emission from Chinese croplands during1980-2000. Environ Pollut, 2010, 158: 631-635??
[24]  116 彭华, 纪雄辉, 刘昭兵, 等. 洞庭湖地区长期施肥条件下双季稻田生态系统净碳汇效应及收益评估. 农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28:2526-2532
[25]  2 Lal R. Soil C sequestration impacts on global climatic change and food security. Science, 2004, 304: 1623-1627??
[26]  3 方精云, 郭兆迪, 朴世龙, 等. 1981~2000 年中国陆地植被碳汇的估算. 中国科学D 辑: 地球科学, 2007, 37: 804-812
[27]  7 全国土壤普查办公室. 中国土种志(1~6 卷). 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996
[28]  8 王绍强, 周成虎. 中国陆地土壤有机碳库的估算. 地理研究, 1999, 18: 349-355
[29]  10 Wu H B, Guo Z T, Peng C H. Land use induced changes of organic carbon storage in soils of China. Glob Change Biol, 2003, 9: 305-315??
[30]  11 Yang Y H, Mohammat A, Feng J M, et al. Storage, patterns and environmental controls of soil organic carbon in China. Biogeochem,2007, 84: 131-141??
[31]  14 Yu D S, Shi X Z, Wang H J, et al. Regional patterns of soil organic carbon stocks in China. J Environ Manag, 2007, 85: 680-689??
[32]  15 赵生才. 我国农田土壤碳库演变机制及发展趋势——第236 次香山科学会议侧记. 地球科学进展, 2005, 20: 587-590
[33]  20 陈骏, 仇纲, 杨杰东. 黄土碳酸盐Sr 同位素组成与原生和次生碳酸盐识别. 自然科学进展, 1997, 7: 731-734
[34]  21 耿元波, 罗光强, 袁国富, 等. 农垦及放牧对温带半干旱草原土壤碳素的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2008, 7: 2518-2523
[35]  22 曾骏, 郭天文, 包兴国, 等. 长期施肥对土壤有机碳和无机碳的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2008, 2: 11-14
[36]  23 黄斌, 王敬国, 金红岩, 等. 长期施肥对我国北方潮土碳储量的影响. 农业环境科学学报, 2006, 25: 161-164
[37]  24 Van der Werf G R, Morton D C, DeFries R S, et al. CO2 emissions from forest loss. Nat Geosci, 2009, 2: 737-738??
[38]  25 Houghton R A, Skole D L, Nobre C A. Annual fluxes of carbon from deforestation and regrowth in the Brazilian Amazon. Nature, 2000:20: 301-304
[39]  28 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 1995: Impact Adaptations and Mitigation of Climate Change ScientificTechnical Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996
[40]  33 李恋卿, 潘根兴, 张平究, 等. 植被恢复对退化红壤表层土壤颗粒中有机碳和Pb、Cd 分布的影响. 生态学报, 2001, 21: 1769-1774
[41]  34 李长安. 中国湿地环境现状与保护对策. 中国水利, 2004, 3: 24-26
[42]  35 侯伟, 匡文慧, 张树文, 等. 近50 年来三江平原北部土地利用/土地覆被变化及生态效应分析. 生态环境, 2006, 15: 752-756
[43]  36 郝庆菊, 王跃思, 宋长春, 等. 垦殖对沼泽湿地CH4 和N2O 排放的影响. 生态学报, 2007, 27: 3417-3426
[44]  37 王树起, 韩晓增, 乔云发, 等. 不同土地利用方式对三江平原湿地土壤酶分布特征及相关肥力因子的影响. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21:150-192
[45]  38 陆琦, 马克明, 张洁瑜, 等. 三江平原退化湿地和农田土壤养分的比较研究. 生态与农村环境学报, 2007, 23: 23-28
[46]  39 刘子刚, 张坤民. 黑龙江三江平原湿地土壤碳储量变化. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2005, 45: 788-791
[47]  40 刘燕华. 应对国际CO2 减排压力途径及我国减排CO2 潜力分析. 见: IGBP-CNC2007 年会会议集. 2008
[48]  41 Batjes N H. Carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. Eur J Soil Sci, 1996, 47: 151-163??
[49]  42 Smith P. Carbon sequestration in croplands: The potential in Europe and the global context. Eur Agron, 2004, 20: 229-236??
[50]  46 李志鹏, 潘根兴, 张旭辉. 改种玉米连续3 年后稻田土壤有机碳分布和13C 自然丰度变化. 土壤学报, 2007, 44: 244-251
[51]  47 Tan S, Heerink N, Kruseman G, et al. Land fragmentation and its driving forces in China. Land Use Policy, 2006, 23: 272-285??
[52]  48 Rahman S, Rahman M. Impact of land fragmentation and resource ownership on productivity and efficiency: The case of rice producers inBangladesh. Land Use Policy, 2009, 26: 95-103??
[53]  49 Tan S, Heerink N, Kruseman G, et al. Do fragmented landholdings have higher production costs? Evidence from rice farmers in NortheasternJiangxi Province, P.R. China. Econ Rev, 2008, 19: 347-358
[54]  50 De Costa W A, Sangakkara U R. Agronomic regeneration of soil fertility in tropical Asian smallholder uplands for sustainable food production.J Agric Sci, 2006, 144: 111-133??
[55]  51 Feng S Y, Tan S H, Zhang A F, et al. Effect of household land management on cropland topsoil organic carbon storage at plot scale in ared earth soil area of South China. J Agric Sci, 2011, doi: 10.1017/S0021859611000323
[56]  59 Huang X X, Gao M, Wei C F, et al. Tillage effect on organic carbon in a purple paddy soil. Pedosphere, 2006, 16: 660-667??
[57]  60 孟磊, 蔡祖聪, 丁维新. 长期施肥对土壤碳储量和作物固定碳的影响. 土壤学报, 2005, 42: 769-776
[58]  61 Xie Z B, Zhu J G, Liu G, et al. Soil organic carbon stocks in China and changes from 1980s to 2000s. Glob Chang Biol, 2007, 13:1989-2007??
[59]  62 Liu J Y, Wang S, Chen J M, et al. Storages of soil organic carbon and nitrogen and land use changes in China 1990-2000. Acta Geogr Sin,2004, 59: 483-496
[60]  65 Sun W J, Huang Y, Zhang W, et al. Carbon sequestration and its potential in agricultural soils of China. Glob Biogeochem Cycles, 2010,24: 1302-1307
[61]  67 李忠佩. 低丘红壤有机碳库的密度及分异. 土壤, 2004, 36: 292-297
[62]  68 许信旺. 不同地理尺度下农田土壤有机碳分布与变化. 博士学位论文. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2008. 33-45
[63]  69 王成己, 潘根兴, 田有国. 保护性耕作下农田表土有机碳含量变化特征分析——基于中国农业生态系统长期试验资料. 农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28: 2464-2475
[64]  70 王成己. 施肥和耕作长期试验下农田土壤有机碳及作物生产力变化的统计研究. 博士学位论文. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2010. 55-61
[65]  71 Sperow M, Eve M, Paustian K. Potential soil C sequestration on US agricultural soils. Clim Change, 2003, 57: 319-339??
[66]  72 Freibauer A, Rounsevellb M D A, Smith P, et al. Carbon sequestration in the agricultural soils of Europe. Geoderma, 2004, 122: 1-23??
[67]  73 Liao Q L, Zhang X H, Li Z P, et al. Increase in soil organic carbon stock over the last two decades in China's Jiangsu Province. GlobChang Biol, 2009, 15: 861-875
[68]  1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to theFourth Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007
[69]  4 张旭辉, 李典友, 潘根兴, 等. 我国湿地土壤资源保护与气候变化问题. 气候变化研究进展, 2008, 4: 202-208
[70]  5 方精云, 刘国华, 徐嵩龄. 中国陆地生态系统碳循环及其全球意义. 见: 王庚辰, 温玉璞, 编. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1996.129-139
[71]  6 潘根兴. 中国土壤有机碳、无机碳库量研究. 科技通报, 1999, 15: 330-332
[72]  9 王绍强, 周成虎, 李克让. 中国土壤有机碳库及空间分布特征分析. 地理学报, 2000, 55: 533-544
[73]  12 Li Z P, Han F X, Su Y, et al. Assessment of soil organic and carbonate carbon storage in China. Geoderma, 2007, 138: 119-126??
[74]  13 Yu D S, Shi X Z, Wang H J, et al. National scale analysis of soil organic carbon storage in China based on chinese soil taxonomy. Pedosphere,2007, 17: 11-18??
[75]  16 Pan G, Guo T. Pedogenic carbonates of aridic soils in China and its significance in carbon sequestration in terrestrial systems. In: Lal R,Kimble J M, Eswaran H, et al, eds. Global Climate Change and Pedogenic Carbonates. Boca Raton: CRC/Lewis Publishers, 1999. 135-148
[76]  17 Wu H B, Guo Z T, Gao Q, et al. Distribution of soil inorganic carbon storage and its changes due to agricultural land use activity in China.Agric, Ecosyst Environ, 2009, 129: 413-421??
[77]  18 潘根兴, 孙玉华, 滕永忠, 等. 湿润亚热带峰丛洼地岩溶土壤系统中碳分布及其转移. 应用生态学报, 2000, 11: 69-72
[78]  19 潘根兴. 中国干旱地区土壤发生性碳酸盐及其在陆地系统碳转移上的意义. 南京农业大学学报, 1999, 22: 51-57
[79]  26 Rickman R W, Douglas J C L, Albrecht S L, et al. CQESTR: A model to estimate carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. J Soil WaterConser, 2001, 56: 237-241
[80]  27 Lal R. Soil management and restoration for C sequestration to mitigate the accelerated greenhouse effect. Prog Environ Sci, 1999, 1:307-326
[81]  29 Lindert P H, Lu I, Wu W. Trends in the soil chemistry of South China since the 1930s. Soil Sci, 1996, 161: 329-342??
[82]  30 李长生. 土壤碳库量之减少, 中国农业之隐患: 中美农业生态系统碳循环比较研究. 第四纪研究, 2000, 20: 345-350
[83]  31 Song G H, Li L Q, Pan G. Topsoil organic carbon storage of China and its loss by cultivation. Biogeochem, 2005, 74: 47-62??
[84]  32 任京辰, 张平究, 潘根兴, 等. 岩溶土壤的生态地球化学特征及其指示意义. 地球科学进展, 2006, 21: 504-512
[85]  43 Pan G X, Li L Q, Wu L S, et al. Storage and sequestration potential of topsoil organic carbon in China's paddy soils. Glob Chang Biol,2003, 10: 79-92
[86]  44 许信旺, 潘根兴, 汪艳林, 等. 中国农田耕层土壤有机碳变化特征及控制因素. 地理研究, 2009, 28: 601-612
[87]  45 侯鹏程, 徐向东, 潘根兴. 不同土地利用方式对农田表土有机碳库的影响——以太湖地区吴江市为例. 南京农业大学学报, 2007, 30:68-72
[88]  52 Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO). Soil carbon sequestration for improved land management. World Soil Resources Reports. 2001
[89]  53 张琪, 李恋卿, 潘根兴, 等. 近20 年来宜兴市域水稻土有机碳动态及其驱动因素. 第四纪研究, 2004, 24: 236-242
[90]  54 张琪. 近20 年来水稻土有机碳变化——县级和村级尺度研究. 硕士学位论文. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2004. 36-44
[91]  55 徐艳, 张凤荣, 汪景宽. 20 年来我国潮土区与黑土区土壤有机质变化的对比研究. 土壤通报, 2004, 35: 102-105
[92]  56 王伯仁, 徐明岗, 文石林. 长期不同施肥对旱地红壤性质和作物生长的影响. 水土保持学报, 2005, 19: 97-100
[93]  57 陈安磊, 王凯荣, 谢小立, 等. 不同施肥模式下稻田土壤微生物生物量磷对土壤有机碳和磷素变化的响应. 应用生态学报, 2007, 18:2733-2738
[94]  58 周萍, 张旭辉, 潘根兴. 长期不同施肥对太湖地区黄泥土总有机碳及颗粒态有机碳含量及深度分布的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报,2006, 12: 765-771
[95]  63 吴乐知, 蔡祖聪. 基于长期实验资料对中国农田表土有机碳含量变化的估算. 生态环境, 2007, 16: 1768-1774
[96]  64 黄耀, 孙文娟. 近20 年来我国耕地土壤有机碳含量的变化趋势. 科学通报, 2006, 51: 753-763
[97]  66 Pan G X, Xu X W, Smith P, et al. An increase in topsoil SOC stock of China's croplands between 1985 and 2006 revealed by soil monitoring.Agric Ecosyst Environ, 2010, 136: 133-138??
[98]  74 Smith P, Martino D, Cai Z C, et al. Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture. Philosoph Trans Roy Soc, 2008, 363: 789-813??
[99]  76 Zheng J F, Zhang X H, Li L Q, et al. Effect of long-term fertilization on C mineralization and production of CH4 and CO2 under anaerobicincubation from bulk samples and particle size fractions of a typical paddy soil. Agric Ecosys Environ, 2007, 120: 129-138??
[100]  79 向昌国, 张平究, 潘根兴, 等. 长期不同施肥下太湖地区黄泥土蚯蚓的多样性、蛋白质含量与氨基酸组成的变化. 生态学报, 2006,26: 1667-1674
[101]  80 张平究, 李恋卿, 潘根兴, 等. 长期不同施肥下太湖地区黄泥土表土微生物碳氮量及基因多样性变化. 生态学报, 24: 2819-2824
[102]  87 Pan G. Stock, dynamics of soil organic carbon of china and the role in climate change mitigation. Adv Clim Change Res, 2009, 5(Supp l):11-18
[103]  88 农业部, 国家发改委. 保护性耕作工程建设规划. 2009
[104]  97 Vanhala P, Karhu K, Tuomi M, et al. Old soil carbon is more temperature sensitive than the young in an agricultural field. Soil Biol Biochem,2007, 39: 2967-2970??
[105]  98 Rinna J, Warning B, Meyers P A, et al. Combined organic and inorganic geochemical reconstruction of paleo-depositional conditions of aPliocene sapropel from the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 2007, 66: 1969-1986
[106]  99 周萍, 潘根兴, Piccolo A, 等. 南方典型水稻土长期试验下有机碳积累机制研究. Ⅳ 颗粒有机质热裂解-气相-质谱法分子结构初步表征. 土壤学报, 2011, 48: 112-124
[107]  100 张逸飞, 钟文辉, 李忠佩, 等. 长期不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响. 生态与农村环境学报,2006, 22: 39-44
[108]  101 郑聚锋. 长期不同施肥条件下南方典型性水稻土有机碳矿化作用与CO2、CH4 产生研究. 博士学位论文. 南京: 南京农业大学,2007. 46-51
[109]  102 Williams M A, Myrolda D D, Biolltomley P J. Carbon flow from 13C-labelled clover and ryegrass residues into a residue-associated microbialcommunity under field conditions. Soil Biol Biochem, 2007, 39: 819-822??
[110]  103 Str?m L, Christensen T R. Below ground carbon turnover and greenhouse gas exchanges in a sub-arctic wetland. Soil Biol Biochem, 2007,39: 1689-1698??
[111]  109 林凡, 李典友, 潘根兴, 等. 皖江自然湿地土壤碳密度及其开垦为农田后的变化. 湿地科学, 2008, 6: 192-197
[112]  110 Sun W J, Huang Y, Chen S T, et al. Dependence of wheat and rice respiration on tissue nitrogen and the corresponding net carbon fixationefficiency under different rates of nitrogen application. Adv Atmos Sci, 2007, 24: 55-64??
[113]  111 尹云锋, 蔡祖聪. 不同施肥措施对潮土有机碳平衡及固碳潜力的影响. 土壤, 2006, 38: 745-749
[114]  112 Liu D W, Liu X Y, Liu Y Z, et al. SOC accumulation in paddy soils under long-term agro-ecosystem experiments from South China. VI.Changes in microbial community structure and respiratory activity. Biogeosci Discuss, 2011, 8: 1-26??
[115]  114 李洁静, 潘根兴, 李恋卿, 等. 太湖地区长期施肥条件下水稻 2 油菜轮作生态系统净碳汇效应及收益评估. 应用生态学报, 2009,20: 1664-1670
[116]  115 李洁静, 潘根兴, 李恋卿, 等. 红壤丘陵双季稻稻田农田生态系统不同施肥下碳汇效应及收益评估. 农业环境科学学报, 2009, 28:2520-2525
[117]  117 李玲, 肖和艾, 吴金水. 红壤旱地和稻田土壤中有机底物的分解与转化研究. 土壤学报, 2007, 44: 669-674
[118]  118 Amundson R, Richter D D. Humphreys G, et al. Coupling between biota and earth materials in the critical zone. Elements, 2007, 3:327-332??

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133