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科学通报  2011 

青蒿素合成生物学及代谢工程研究进展

DOI: 10.1360/972011-1119, PP. 2289-2297

Keywords: 青蒿素,酵母工程菌,转基因青蒿,合成生物学,代谢工程

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Abstract:

青蒿素生物合成途径仅见于青蒿,但其"上游"途径为真核生物所共有,可望通过"下游"途径重建,在真核微生物(如酵母)中全合成青蒿素.过去10年来,青蒿素合成基因被国内外研究团队陆续克隆并导入酿酒酵母细胞,已成功合成青蒿酸及双氢青蒿酸等青蒿素前体.由于酵母缺乏适宜的细胞环境,尚不能将青蒿素前体转变成青蒿素.因此,青蒿依然是青蒿素的唯一来源,凸显出继续开展青蒿种质遗传改良的必要性.我国科学家采用"开源"或"节流"等策略,已相继培育出多种转基因青蒿植株或品系,为实现青蒿素的高产、稳产奠定了坚实的基础.同时,青蒿素生物合成的限速步骤尤其是终端反应机制已基本得到阐明,有助于开展青蒿素形成与积累的环境模拟及仿生,从而为彻底缓解青蒿素的供求矛盾创造先机.本文最后讨论了产青蒿素前体微生物专利的作用及中国避免这些专利壁垒的方法.

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