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科学通报  2011 

全球变暖情景下南亚和东亚夏季风变化对海陆增温的不同响应

, PP. 2424-2433

Keywords: 南亚和东亚夏季风,陆海热力差异,全球变暖,时间尺度

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Abstract:

采用政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)中等排放情景SRESA1B下的气候模式输出结果,本文研究了南亚和东亚夏季风对未来海陆增温的不同响应.分析表明,虽然未来青藏高原(TP)近地面增暖快于同高度的热带印度洋(TIO)和西太平洋(NWP)地区,但在对流层中高层,TP-TIO和TP-NWP地区的陆海热力差异都将减弱.在从年代际到长期变化的时间尺度,南亚夏季风环流主要与TP-TIO高层热力差异变化一致,而东亚夏季风环流则与TP-NWP地区低层热力差异变化联系更明显.而在年际时间尺度,南亚和东亚夏季风都与高层热力差异变化的相关更显著一些.进一步的分析显示,全球变暖导致的水汽增加及云量的变化可能引起高原和海洋上空出现增强的变暖,未来这些地区的温度变化在垂直结构上出现不均匀分布.由于最大的变暖中心都出现在海洋上,TP-TIO所在纬度带以及TP-NWP所在经度带的热力差异在高层出现负变化中心,高原高层的热力作用减弱.但在低层,由于高原陆地的增温,高原低层的热力作用仍然大于周围海洋.因此,在全球变暖背景下,亚洲地区热力状况的不同影响因子可能引起对流层高低层变暖分布的不一致,而不同时间尺度的变化则可能体现了人为因子和气候系统内部变率对亚洲季风系统影响的不同重要性.

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