4 Chen Y J, Morgan J P. The effect of magma emplacement geometry, spreading rate, and crustal thickness on hydrothermal heat flux atmid-ocean ridge axes. J Geol Res, 1996, 101: 475-482
[2]
5 Chen Y J, Lin J. Mechanisms for the formation of ridge-axis topography at slow-spreading ridges: A lithospheric-plate flexural model.Geophys J Int, 1999, 136: 8-18??
[3]
11 German C R, Baker E T, Mevel C, et al. Hydrothermal activity along the southwest Indian ridge, Nature, 1998, 395: 490-493??
[4]
13 Münch U, Lalou C, Halbach P, et al. Relict hydrothermal events along the super-slow Southwest Indian spreading ridge near 63°56′E -mineralogy, chemistry and chronology of sulfide samples. Chem Geol, 2001, 177: 341-349??
[5]
14 Banerjee R, Dick J B H, Wolfgang B, et al. Discovery of peridotite-hosted hydrothermal deposits along the ultraslow-spreading SouthwestIndian Ridge. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Boston: GSA, 2001
[6]
15 Dick H J B, Lin J, Schouten H. An ultraslow-spreading class of ocean ridge. Nature, 2003, 426: 405-412??
[7]
20 Cannat M, Sauter D, Bezos A, et al. Spreading rate, spreading obliquity, and melt supply at the ultraslow spreading Southwest IndianRidge. Geochem Geophys Geosyst, 2008, 9: Q04002??
[8]
22 Meyzen C M, Blichert-Toft J, Ludden J N, et al. Isotopic portrayal of the Earth’s upper mantle flow field. Nature, 2007, 447: 1069-1074??
[9]
23 Münch U, Blum N, Halbach P. Mineralogical and geochemical features of sulfide chimneys from the MESO zone, Central Indian Ridge.Chem Geol, 1999, 155: 29-44??
[10]
24 Haymon R M. Growth history of hydrothermal black smoker chimneys. Nature, 1983, 301: 695-698??
[11]
25 Janecky D R, Seyfried W E. Formation of massive sulfide deposits on oceanic ridge crest: Incremental reaction models for mixing betweenhydrothermal solutions and seawater. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 1984, 48: 2723-2738??
[12]
26 Tivey M K, Humphris S E, Thompson G, et al. Deducing patterns of fluid flow and mixing within the TAG active hydrothermal moundusing mineralogical and geochemical data. J Geophys Res, 1995, 100: 12527-12555??
[13]
27 Rona P A, Klinkhammer G, Nelsen T A, et al. Black smokers, massive sulfides and vent biota at the mid-ocean ridge. Nature, 1986, 321:33-37??
[14]
28 Graham U M, Bluth G L, Ohmoto H. Sulfide-sulfate chimneys on the East-Pacific Rise, 11°N and 13°N latitudes: PartⅠ. Mineralogy andparagenesis. Can Mineral, 1988, 26: 487-504
[15]
29 Marchig V, Blum N, Roonwal G. Massive sulfide chimneys from the East pacific Rise at 7°24'S and 16°34'S. Mar Georesour Geotec, 1997,15: 49-66??
[16]
30 Bogdanov Y, Gurich E, Kuptsov V, et al. Relict sulfide mounds at the TAG hydrothermal field of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (26°N, 45°W).Oceanology, 1995, 34: 534-542
[17]
35 Allen D E, Seyfried W E. REE controls in ultramafic hosted MOR hydrothermal systems: An experimental study at elevated temperatureand pressure. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 2005, 69: 675-683??
[18]
36 Douville E, Bienvenu P, Charlou J L, et al. Yttrium and rare earth elements in fluids from various deep-sea hydrothermal systems. GeochimCosmochim Acta, 1999, 63: 627-643??
[19]
39 Bach W, Roberts S, Vanko D A, et al. Controls of fluid chemistry and complexation contents of anhydrite from the Pacmanus subseafloorhydrothermal system, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Mineral Depos, 2003, 38: 916-935??
[20]
1 Corliss J B, Dymond J, Gordon L I, et al. Submarine thermal springs on the Galápagos Rift. Science, 1979, 203: 1073-1083??
[21]
2 Baker E T, German C R. On the global distribution of hydrothermal vent fields. In: German C R, Lin J, Parson L M, eds. Mid-OceanRidges: Hydrothermal Interactions Between the Lithosphere and Oceans. Geophysical Monograph, Washington DC: AGU, 2004. 245-266
[22]
3 Banerjee R, Ray D. Metallogenesis along the Indian Ocean Ridge system. Curr Sci, 2003, 85: 321-327
[23]
6 Georgen J E, Lin J, Dick H J B. Evidence from gravity anomalies for interactions of the Marion and Bouvet hotspots with the SouthwestIndian Ridge: Effects of transform offsets. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2001, 187: 283-300??
[24]
7 Muller M R, Minshull T A, White R S. Segmentation and melt supply at the Southwest Indian Ridge. Geology, 1999, 27: 867-870??
[25]
8 Sauter D, Patriat P, Rommevaux-Jestin C, et al. The Southwest Indian Ridge between 49°15′E and 57°E: Focused accretion and magmaredistribution. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 2001, 192: 303-317??
[26]
9 Georgen J E, Kurz M D, Henry J B, et al. Low 3He/4He ratios in basalt glasses from the western Southwest Indian Ridge (10°-24°E). EarthPlanet Sci Lett, 2003, 206: 509-528??
[27]
10 Baker E T, Edmonds H N, Michael P J, et al. Hydrothermal venting in magma deserts: The ultraslow spreading Gakkel and Southwest IndianRidges. Geochem Geophys Geosyst, 2004, 5: 1-24
[28]
12 Bach W, Banerjee N R, Dick H J B, et al. Discovery of ancient and active hydrothermal systems along the ultra-slow spreading SouthwestIndian Ridge 10°-16°E. Geochem Geophys Geosyst, 2002, 3: 1044??
[29]
16 Font L, Murton B J, Roberts S, et al. Variations in melt productivity and melting conditions along SWIR(70°E-49°E): Evidence from olivine-hosted and plagioclase-hosted melt inclusions. J Petrol, 2007, 48: 1471-1494??
[30]
17 Cannat M, Sauter D, Mendel V, et al. Modes of seafloor generation at a melt-poor ultraslow-spreading ridge. Geology, 2006, 34: 605-608??
[31]
18 Sauter D, Carton H, Meyzen C, et al. Ridge segmentation and the magnetic structure of the Southwest Indian Ridge (at 50°300′E,55°300′E and 66°200′E): Implications for magmatic processes at ultraslow-spreading centers. Geochem Geophys Geosyst, 2004, 5:Q05K08
[32]
19 Sauter D, Mendel V, Rommevaux-Jestin C, et al. Focused magmatism versus amagmatic spreading along the ultra-slow spreading SouthwestIndian Ridge: Evidence from TOBI side scan sonar imagery. Geochem Geophys Geosyst, 2004, 5: Q10K09
[33]
21 Sauter D, Cannat M, Meyzen C, et al. Propagation of a melting anomaly along the ultra-slow Southwest Indian Ridge between 46°E and52°20′E: Interaction with the Crozet hot-spot? Geophys J Intern, 2009, 179: 687-699
[34]
31 Halbach P, Pracejus B, Maerten A. Geology and mineralogy of massive sulfide ores from the central Okinawa Trough, Japan. Econ Geol,1993, 88: 2210-2225??
[35]
32 Hekinian R, Fouquet Y. Volcanism and metallogenesis of axial and off-axial structures on the East Pacific Rise near 13°N. Econ Geol,1985, 80: 221-249??
34 Boynton W V. Cosmochemistry of the rare earth elements: Meteorite studies. In: Henderson P, ed. Rare Earth Element Geochemistry.Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984. 63-114
[38]
37 Humphris S E. Rare earth element composition of anhydrite: Implications for deposition and mobility within the TAG hydrothermalmound. Proc ODP, Sci Results, 1998, 158: 143-159
[39]
38 Sverjensky D A. Europium redox equilibria in aqueous sotution. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 1984, 67: 70-78??