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科学通报  2011 

河姆渡古稻DNA提取及其序列分析

, PP. 2398-2403

Keywords: Oryza,sativa,古DNA,测序,田螺山遗址,水稻驯化

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Abstract:

水稻(Oryzasativa)最初在长江中下游地区被驯化,在中国境内已发现大量稻作遗址.目前稻作史研究均是根据形态如小穗轴等来进行驯化进程分析,至今尚无利用序列数据进行分析的报道.本研究对来自3个考古遗址(浙江田螺山遗址、江西新干战国粮仓和浙江湖州毗山遗址唐代文化层,年代分别为7000,2400和1200BP)稻作遗存进行了DNA提取,PCR克隆测定了4个基因组片段.序列分析表明,每个遗址均发现2个以上的水稻基因型,表明当时的种质尚处于混杂状态.与来自亚洲栽培稻以及野生稻的比较分析,发现至少一个古稻基因型在栽培稻中可能已丢失,同时本研究稻作遗存可能为粳稻类型,或当时可能尚处于籼粳稻混种或籼粳分化不明显状态,但粳稻类型占优势.本研究结果表明水稻在驯化过程中发生了显著的基因型分化.在田螺山遗址稻作遗存中还发现与无患子目、蒺藜目和十字花目植物高度同源的序列,这与遗址发现大量楝树遗存以及南方常见田间杂草芥类等植物遗存相吻合.

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