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科学通报  2011 

平板太阳能集热器传热性能的(火积)理论优化

, PP. 2819-2826

Keywords: 平板太阳能集热器,传热性能,优化,(火积)理论

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Abstract:

平板太阳能集热器是太阳能热利用系统中常见的核心部件,其传热性能的优化对于提高能源利用效率具有重要意义.现有平板集热器大多采用厚度均匀的金属吸热板来吸收太阳辐射,将理论应用于吸热板导热过程的分析,在吸热板材料总体积一定的前提下对其厚度布局作优化设计,使其传热性能最优.首先,从理论上建立了吸热板集热性能与损失之间的对应关系,进而提出集热器性能优化的约束极值问题,并利用变分方法从理论上得到温度梯度场均匀的优化准则.最后,根据优化准则,通过数值模拟的方法对吸热板的厚度布局作优化设计.模拟结果显示,当太阳辐射强度为800W/m2、环境温度为300K、风速为3m/s时,优化后的集热器效率比优化前提高8.8%,等效节省铜材达30%.将风速为3m/s时的优化厚度布局在不同风速条件下作传热性能分析,其集热效率与均匀厚度吸热板相比亦有明显提高.

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