Taylor J S, Harp J A, Elliott T. Neuropsychologists and neurolawyers. Neuropsychology, 1991, 5: 293-305
[3]
Loftus E F, Miller D G, Burns H J. Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory. J Exp Psychol Learn, 1978, 4: 19-31
[4]
Pfeifer J H, Masten C L, Moore III W E, et al. Entering adolescence: Resistance to peer influence, risky behavior, and neural changes in emotion reactivity. Neuron, 2011, 69: 1029-1036
[5]
Dahl R E. Understanding the risky business of adolescence. Neuron, 2011, 69: 837-839
[6]
Fairchild G, Passamonti L, Hurford G, et al. Brain structure abnormalities in early-onset and adolescent-onset conduct disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 2011, 168: 624-633
[7]
Fazel S, Danesh J. Serious mental disorder in 23000 prisoners: A systematic review of 62 surveys. Lancet, 2002, 359: 545-550
[8]
蒋奖, 许燕. 罪犯反社会人格障碍的调查. 中国特殊教育, 2007: 80-85
[9]
Gao Y, Raine A. P3 event-related potential impairments in antisocial and psychopathic individuals: A meta-analysis. Biol Psychol, 2009, 82: 199-210
[10]
V？llm B, Richardson P, Stirling J, et al. Neurobiological substrates of antisocial and borderline personality disorder: Preliminary results of a functional fMRI study. Crim Behav Ment Hlth, 2004, 14: 39-54
[11]
Anderson S W, Bechara A, Damasio H, et al. Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex. Nat Neurosci, 1999, 2: 1032-1037
[12]
Koenigs M, Young L, Adolphs R, et al. Damage to the prefrontal cortex increases utilitarian moral judgements. Nature, 2007, 446: 908-911
[13]
Young L, Bechara A, Tranel D, et al. Damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex impairs judgment of harmful intent. Neuron, 2010, 65: 845-851
[14]
Mendez M F. The unique predisposition to criminal violations in frontotemporal dementia. J Am Acad Psychiat Law, 2010, 38: 318-323
[15]
Yang Y, Glenn A L, Raine A. Brain abnormalities in antisocial individuals: Implications for the law. Behav Sci Law, 2008, 26: 65-83
[16]
Hughes V. Science in court: Head case. Nature, 2010, 464: 340-342
[17]
Damasio A R. Descartes’ Error: Emotion.[J].Reason, and the Human Brain. New York: GP Putnam’s Sons.1994,:-
[18]
Custers R, Aarts H. The unconscious will: How the pursuit of goals operates outside of conscious awareness. Science, 2010, 329: 47-50
[19]
Aarts H, van den Bos K. On the foundations of beliefs in free Will. Psychol Sci, 2011, 22: 532-537
[20]
Libet B, Gleason C A, Wright E W, et al. Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (Readiness-Potential). Brain, 1983, 106: 623-642
[21]
Libet B. Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action. Behav Brain Sci, 1985, 8: 529-539
[22]
Soon C S, Brass M, Heinze H J, et al. Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nat Neurosci, 2008, 11: 543-545
[23]
Bode S, He A H, Soon C S, et al. Tracking the unconscious generation of free decisions using ultra-high field fMRI. PLoS ONE, 2011, 6: e21612
[24]
Barefoot v. Estelle. 463 U.S. 880(1983)
[25]
Kansus v. Hendricks. 521 U.S. 346, 360, 371
[26]
Buchanan A, Leese M. Detention of people with dangerous severe personality disorders: A systematic review. Lancet, 2001, 358: 1955-1959
[27]
Lynam D R, Caspi A, Moffitt T E, et al. Longitudinal evidence that psychopathy scores in early adolescence predict adult psychopathy. J Abnorm Psychol, 2007, 116: 155-165
[28]
Lynam D R, Miller D J, Vachon D, et al. Psychopathy in adolescence predicts official reports of offending in adulthood. Youth Violence Juvenile Justice, 2009, 7: 189-207
[29]
Moffitt T E. Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychol Rev, 1993, 100: 674-701
[30]
Monahan J, Steadman H J, Robbins P C, et al. Developing a clinically useful actuarial tool for assessing violence risk. Brit J Psychiat, 2000, 176: 312-319
[31]
Redding R E, Floyd M Y, Hawk G L. What judges and lawyers think about the testimony of mental health experts: A survey of the courts and bar. Behav Sci Law, 2001, 19: 583-594
[32]
Brunner H, Nelen M, Breakefield X, et al. Abnormal behavior associated with a point mutation in the structural gene for monoamine oxidase A. Science, 1993, 262: 578-580
[33]
Kim-Cohen J, Caspi A, Taylor A, et al. MAOA, maltreatment, and gene-environment interaction predicting children’s mental health: New evidence and a meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatr, 2006, 11: 903-913
[34]
Buckholtz J W, Meyer-Lindenberg A. MAOA and the neurogenetic architecture of human aggression. Trends Neurosci, 2008, 31: 120-129
[35]
Dosenbach N U F, Nardos B, Cohen A L, et al. Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science, 2010, 329: 1358-1361
[36]
Fan Y, Resnick S M, Wu X, et al. Structural and functional biomarkers of prodromal Alzheimer's disease: A high-dimensional pattern classification study. NeuroImage, 2008, 41: 277-285
[37]
Nadelhoffer T, Bibas S, Grafton S, et al. Neuroprediction, violence, and the law: Setting the stage. Neuroethics, 2010, (1): 1-33
[38]
Raine A, Lencz T, Bihrle S, et al. Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiat, 2000, 57: 119-127
[39]
Husain M, Mehta M A. Cognitive enhancement by drugs in health and disease. Trends Cogn Sci, 2011, 15: 28-36
[40]
Rose S P R. ‘Smart Drugs’: Do they work? Are they ethical? Will they be legal? Nat Rev Neurosci, 2002, 3: 975-979
[41]
Farah M J, Illes J, Cook-Deegan R, et al. Neurocognitive enhancement: What can we do and what should we do? Nat Rev Neurosci, 2004, 5: 421-425
[42]
Sahakian B, Morein-Zamir S. Professor’s little helper. Nature, 2007, 450: 1157-1159
[43]
6 Klaming L, Vedder A. Brushing up our memories: Can we use neurotechnologies to improve eyewitness memory? Law Innov Tech, 2009, 1: 203-221
[44]
7 Vedder A, Klaming L. Human enhancement for the common good—Using neurotechnologies to improve eyewitness memory. AJOB Neurosci, 2010, 1: 22-33
[45]
8 Lucke J C, Hall W D. Begging the question: presupposing that TMS can be shown to enhance eyewitness testimony. AJOB Neurosci, 2010, 1: 34-35
[46]
9 Capps B, Carter A. Standing at the precipice: A cautionary note about incremental goods. AJOB Neurosci, 2010, 1: 46-48
[47]
0 Rubin D C, Berntsen D, Bohni M K. A memory-based model of posttraumatic stress disorder: Evaluating basic assumptions underlying the PTSD diagnosis. Psychol Rev, 2008, 115: 985-1011
[48]
1 Ressler K J, Mayberg H S. Targeting abnormal neural circuits in mood and anxiety disorders: From the laboratory to the clinic. Nat Neurosci, 2007, 10: 1116-1124
[49]
2 Peters J, Dieppa-Perea L M, Melendez L M, et al. Induction of fear extinction with hippocampal-infralimbic BDNF. Science, 2010, 328: 1288-1290
[50]
3 Kroes M C W, Strange B A, Dolan R J. β-Adrenergic blockade during memory retrieval in humans evokes a sustained reduction of declarative emotional memory enhancement. J Neurosci, 2010, 30: 3959-3963
[51]
4 Pitman R K, Sanders K M, Zusman R M, et al. Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol. Biol Psychiat, 2002, 51: 189-192
[52]
5 Vaiva G, Ducrocq F, Jezequel K, et al. Immediate treatment with propranolol decreases posttraumatic stress disorder two months after trauma. Biol Psychiat, 2003, 54: 947-949
[53]
6 President’s Council on Bioethics. Beyond therapy: Biotechnology and the pursuit of happiness. Executive Office of the President, 2003. 205-273
[54]
7 Kolber A J. Therapeutic forgetting: The legal and ethical implications of memory dampening. Vanderbilt Law Rev, 2006, 59: 1561-1626
[55]
8 Kolber A J. Neuroethics: Give memory-altering drugs a chance. Nature, 2011, 476: 275-276
[56]
9 Na E-Y, Lofius E F. Attitudes toward law and prisoners, conservative authoritarianism, attribution, and internal-external locus of control. J Cross Cult Psychol, 1998, 29: 595-615
[57]
0 Hamilton V L, Sanders J. Punishment and the individual in the United States and Japan. Law Soc Rev, 1988, 22: 301-328
[58]
Goodenough O R, Tucker M. Law and cognitive neuroscience. Annu Rev Law Soc Sci, 2010, 6: 61-92
[59]
Garland B. Neuroscience and the Law: Brain, Mind and the Scales of Justice. New York: Dana Press, 2004
[60]
Zeki S, Goodenough O R. Law and the brain: Introduction. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B, 2004, 359: 1661-1665
[61]
Zeki S, Goodenough O R. Law and the Brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006
[62]
Tire C K. Introduction to special issue on NeuroLaw. NeuroRehabilitation, 2001, 16: 67-68
[63]
Farah M J. Neuroethics: The practical and the philosophical. Trends Cogn Sci, 2005, 9: 34-40
[64]
Belcher A, Sinnott-Armstrong W P. Neurolaw. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci, 2010, 1: 18-22
[65]
Sinnott-Armstrong W P. Neurolaw and consciousness detection. Cortex, 2011, 47: 1246-1247
[66]
Schacter L D, Slotnick S D. The cognitive neuroscience of memory distortion. Neuron, 2004, 44: 149-160
[67]
Loftus E F. Our changeable memories: Legal and practical implications. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2003, 4: 231-234
Farwell L A, Donchin E. The truth will out: Interrogative polygraphy (“lie detection”) with event-related brain potentials. Psychophysiology, 1991, 28: 531-547
[70]
Rosenfeld J P, Labkovsky E, Winograd M, et al. The complex trial protocol (CTP): A new, countermeasure-resistant, accurate, P300-based method for detection of concealed information[J].Psychophysiology.2008, 45:906-919
[71]
Vrij A, Fisher R, Mann S, et al. Detecting deception by manipulating cognitive load. Trends Cogn Sci, 2006, 10: 141-142
[72]
Christ S E, Van Essen D C, Watson J M, et al. The contributions of prefrontal cortex and executive control to deception: Evidence from activation likelihood estimate meta-analyses. Cereb Cortex, 2009, 19: 1557-1566
[73]
Langleben D D. Detection of deception with fMRI: Are we there yet[J].Legal Criminol Psych.2008, 13:1-9
[74]
Langleben D D, Loughead J W, Bilker W B, et al. Telling truth from lie in individual subjects with fast event-related fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005, 26: 262-272
[75]
Davatzikos C, Ruparel K, Fan Y, et al. Classifying spatial patterns of brain activity with machine learning methods: Application to lie detection. NeuroImage, 2005, 28: 663-668
[76]
Kozel F A, Johnson A K, Mu Q, et al. Detecting deception using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biol Psychiat, 2005, 58: 605-613
[77]
Kozel F A, Johnson K A, Grenesko E L, et al. Functional MRI detection of deception after committing a mock sabotage crime. J Forensic Sci, 2009, 54: 220-231
[78]
Ganis G, Rosenfeld J P, Meixner J, et al. Lying in the scanner: Covert countermeasures disrupt deception detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage, 2011, 55: 312-319
[79]
Sip K E, Roepstorff A, McGregor W, et al. Detecting deception: The scope and limits. Trends Cogn Sci, 2008, 12: 48-53
[80]
Sip K E, Roepstorff A, McGregor W, et al. Response to Haynes: There’s more to deception than brain activity. Trends Cogn Sci, 2008, 12: 127-128
[81]
Spence A S. Playing Devil’s advocate: The case against fMRI lie detection. Legal Criminol Psych, 2008, 13: 11-25
[82]
Harrington V. State, 659 N.W. 2d 509 (Iowa; 2003)
[83]
Editorial. Deceiving the law. Nat Neurosci, 2008, 11: 1231-1231
[84]
United States v. No. 07-10074 M1/P, Report and Recommendation (Tenn W D; May 31, 2010)
[85]
Shen F X, Jones O D. Brain scans as evidence: Truths, proofs, lies, and lessons. Mercer Law Rev, 2011, 62: 1-24
[86]
Stark C E L, Okado Y, Loftus E F. Imaging the reconstruction of true and false memories using sensory reactivation and the misinformation paradigms. Learn Memory, 2010, 17: 485-488
[87]
Slotnick S D, Schacter D L. A sensory signature that distinguishes true from false memories. Nat Neurosci, 2004, 7: 664-672
[88]
Kirwan C B, Shrager Y, Squire L R. Medial temporal lobe activity can distinguish between old and new stimuli independently of overt behavioral choice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106: 14617-14621
[89]
Rissman J, Greely H T, Wagner A D. Detecting individual memories through the neural decoding of memory states and past experience. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010, 107: 9849-9854
Schultz J. Brain imaging: Decoding your memories. Curr Biol, 2010, 20: R269-R271
[92]
Hassabis D, Chu C, Rees G, et al. Decoding neuronal ensembles in the human hippocampus. Curr Biol, 2009, 19: 546-554
[93]
Chadwick M J, Hassabis D, Weiskopf N, et al. Decoding individual episodic memory traces in the human hippocampus. Curr Biol, 2010, 20: 544-547
[94]
张明楷. 刑法学. 第3 版. 北京: 法律出版社, 2007
[95]
Cashmore A R. The Lucretian swerve: The biological basis of human behavior and the criminal justice system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2010, 107: 4499-4504
[96]
Gogtay N, Giedd J N, Lusk L, et al. Dynamic mapping of human cortical development during childhood through early adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101: 8174-8179
[97]
Blakemore S-J, Choudhury S. Development of the adolescent brain: Implications for executive function and social cognition. J Child Psychol Psyc, 2006, 47: 296-312
[98]
Steinberg L. Cognitive and affective development in adolescence. Trends Cogn Sci, 2005, 9: 69-74
[99]
Dahl R E. Biological, developmental, and neurobehavioral factors relevant to adolescent driving risks. Am J Prev Med, 2008, 35: S278-S284
[100]
Geier F C, Terwilliger R, Teslovich T, et al. Immaturities in reward processing and its influence on inhibitory control in adolescence. Cereb Cortex, 2010, 20: 1613-1629
[101]
Blakemore S J. The social brain in adolescence. Nat Rev Neurosci, 2008, 9: 267-277
[102]
Sterzer P, Stadler C, Poustka F, et al. A structural neural deficit in adolescents with conduct disorder and its association with lack of empathy. NeuroImage, 2007, 37: 335-342
[103]
Crowe S L, Blair R J R. The development of antisocial behavior: What can we learn from functional neuroimaging studies[J].Dev Psychopathol.2008, 20:1145-1159
[104]
Hobson C W, Scott S, Rubia K. Investigation of cool and hot executive function in ODD/CD independently of ADHD. J Child Psychol Psyc, 2011, 52: 1035-1043
[105]
Rubia K. “Cool” inferior frontostriatal dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder versus “hot” ventromedial orbitofrontal- limbic dysfunction in conduct disorder: A review. Biol Psychiat, 2011, 69: e69-e87
[106]
Shannon B J, Raichle M E, Snyder A Z, et al. Premotor functional connectivity predicts impulsivity in juvenile offenders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2011, 108: 11241-11245
[107]
Steinberg L. Adolescent development and juvenile justice. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 2009, 5: 459-485
[108]
Beckman M. Crime, culpability, and the adolescent brain. Science, 2004, 305: 596-599
[109]
Roper V. Simmons U.S. Supreme Court, 2005
[110]
Glenn A L, Raine A. The immoral brain. In: Verplaetse J, Schrijver J D, Vanneste S, et al., eds. The Moral Brain: Essays on the Evolutionary and Neuroscientific Aspects of Morality. London: Springer, 2009. 45-67
Adolphs R. The social brain: Neural basis of social knowledge. Annu Rev Psychol, 2009, 60: 693-716
[113]
Fried I, Mukamel R, Kreiman G. Internally generated preactivation of single neurons in human medial frontal cortex predicts volition. Neuron, 2011, 69: 548-562
[114]
Gazzaniga M S. The law and neuroscience. Neuron, 2008, 60: 412-415
[115]
0 Greely H T, Sahakian B, Harris J, et al. Towards responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy. Nature, 2008, 456: 702-705
[116]
1 McCabe S E, Knight J R, Teter C J, et al. Non-medical use of prescription stimulants among US college students: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey. Addiction, 2005, 100: 96-106
[117]
2 Hamilton R, Messing S, Chatterjee A. Rethinking the thinking cap. Neurology, 2011, 76: 187-193
[118]
3 Hyman Steven E. Cognitive enhancement: Promises and perils. Neuron, 2011, 69: 595-598
[119]
Wassermann E M. Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Report and suggested guidelines from the International Workshop on the Safety of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, June 5-7, 1996[J].Electroen Clin Neuro.1998, 108:1-16
[120]
5 Wezenberg E, Verkes R, Sabbe B, et al. Modulation of memory and visuospatial processes by biperiden and rivastigmine in elderly healthy subjects. Psychopharmacology, 2005, 181: 582-594
