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科学通报  2012 

利用古代DNA信息研究黄河流域家猪的起源驯化

DOI: 10.1360/972011-1903, PP. 1011-1018

Keywords: 古DNA,,黄河流域,起源,驯化

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Abstract:

猪的起源驯化一直是人们关注的科学问题.古DNA技术可为家猪起源驯化研究提供更为直接的科学证据.已有研究表明,中国家猪在黄河中下游流域曾发生过独立的驯化过程,但黄河上游的古代猪样品研究尚属空白.本研究选取黄河流域的3个遗址出土的14个古代猪样本为实验材料,通过DNA提取、PCR扩增和DNA测序,结合现代不同品种家猪、野猪及黄河中下游猪古DNA序列信息,系统分析了我国家猪的起源驯化关系.实验共获得5个古代猪样本mtDNAD-loop179bp的DNA序列,包括2个湖北青龙泉遗址样本和3个青海喇家遗址样本.序列比对分析发现,湖北青龙泉遗址与青海喇家遗址的样本分别共享1种单倍型.结合现代不同品种猪、野猪及黄河中下游猪古DNA序列信息,发现湖北青龙泉遗址样本与山西贾湖遗址的部分古代样本具有相同的单倍型,青海喇家遗址的样本与山西高红遗址和陶寺遗址的另外部分样本具有相同的单倍型,并且这2个单倍型对应于中国现代猪种的2个主单倍型,说明黄河上游与中下游的猪具有相同的驯化中心.本研究填补了黄河流域上游古代猪DNA研究的空白,为中国家猪的起源驯化研究提供了新的科学佐证.

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