2 Meyer J C, Geim A K, Katsnelson M I, et al. The structure of suspended graphene sheets. Nature, 2007, 446: 60-63？？
[2]
4 Balandin A A, Ghosh S, Bao W, et al. Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene. Nano Lett, 2008, 8: 902-907？？
[3]
5 Berger C, Song Z, Li X, et al. Electronic confinement and coherence in patterned epitaxial graphene. Science, 2006, 312: 1191-1196？？
[4]
6 Lee C, Wei X, Kysar J W, et al. Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene. Science, 2008, 321:385-388？？
[5]
7 Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene. Nature, 2005, 438: 197-200？？
[6]
8 Zhang Y, Tan Y W, Stormer H L, et al. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry’s phase in graphene. Nature, 2005,438: 201-204？？
[7]
10 Geim A K. Graphene: Status and prospects. Science, 2009, 324: 1530-1534？？
[8]
11 Lin Y M, Jenkins K A, Valdes-Garcia A, et al. Operation of graphene transistors at gigahertz frequencies. Nano Lett, 2008, 9: 422-426
[9]
16 Bae S, Kim H, Lee Y, et al. Roll-to-roll production of 30-inch graphene films for transparent electrodes. Nat Nano, 2010, 5: 574-578
[10]
19 Hernandez Y, Nicolosi V, Lotya M, et al. High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008,3: 563-568
[11]
20 Jiao L, Zhang L, Wang X, et al. Narrow graphene nanoribbons from carbon nanotubes. Nature, 2009, 458: 877-880？？
[12]
21 Kim K S, Zhao Y, Jang H, et al. Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes. Nature, 2009, 457:706-710？？
[13]
22 Kosynkin D V, Higginbotham A L, Sinitskii A, et al. Longitudinal unzipping of carbon nanotubes to form graphene nanoribbons. Nature,2009, 458: 872-876？？
[14]
24 Li X, Wang X, Zhang L, et al. Chemically derived, ultrasmooth graphene nanoribbon semiconductors. Science, 2008, 319: 1229-1232？？
[15]
25 Martinez-Galera A J, Brihuega I N, Gómez-Rodriguez J M. Ethylene irradiation: A new route to grow graphene on low reactivity metals. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 3576-3580？？
[16]
28 Reina A, Jia X, Ho J, et al. Large area, few-layer graphene films on arbitrary substrates by chemical vapor deposition. Nano Lett, 2008, 9:30-35
[17]
31 Wintterlin J, Bocquet M L. Graphene on metal surfaces. Surf Sci, 2009, 603: 1841-1852？？
[18]
33 Borg H J, van Hardeveld R M, Niemantsverdriet J W. Mechanism of the conversion of ethene to ethylidyne on rhodium(111): Evidence for a vinylic intermediate. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans, 1995, 91: 3679-3684？？
[19]
34 Janssens T V W, V？lkening S, Zambelli T, et al. Direct observation of surface reactions of acetylene on Pd(111) with scanning tunneling microscopy. J Phys Chem B, 1998, 102: 6521-6528？？
[20]
38 Zhang W, Wu P, Li Z, et al. First-principles thermodynamics of graphene growth on Cu surfaces. J Phys Chem C, 2011, 115: 17782-17787？？
[21]
39 Saadi S, Abild-Pedersen F, Helveg S, et al. On the role of metal step-edges in graphene growth. J Phys Chem C, 2010, 114: 11221-11227？？
[22]
41 Lacovig P, Pozzo M, Alfè D, et al. Growth of dome-shaped carbon nanoislands on Ir(111): The intermediate between carbidic clusters and quasi-free-standing graphene. Phys Rev Lett, 2009, 103: 166101？？
[23]
43 Grantab R, Shenoy V B, Ruoff R S. Anomalous strength characteristics of tilt grain boundaries in graphene. Science, 2010, 330: 946-948？？
[24]
44 Bengaard H S, N？rskov J K, Sehested J, et al. Steam reforming and graphite formation on Ni catalysts. J Catal, 2002, 209: 365-384？？
[25]
45 Helveg S, Lopez-Cartes C, Sehested J, et al. Atomic-scale imaging of carbon nanofibre growth. Nature, 2004, 427: 426-429？？
[26]
47 Rodríguez-Manzo J A, Terrones M, Terrones H, et al. In situ nucleation of carbon nanotubes by the injection of carbon atoms into metal particles. Nat Nano, 2007, 2: 307-311？？
[27]
49 Coraux J, N’Diaye A T, Engler M, et al. Growth of graphene on Ir(111). New J Phys, 2009, 11: 023006？？
[28]
55 Cui Y, Fu Q, Zhang H, et al. Formation of identical-size graphene nanoclusters on Ru(0001). Chem Commun, 2011, 47: 1470-1472？？
[29]
57 Lahiri J, Miller T, Adamska L, et al. Graphene growth on Ni(111) by transformation of a surface sarbide. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 518-522？？
[30]
58 Zangwill A, Vvedensky D D. Novel growth mechanism of epitaxial graphene on metals. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 2092-2095？？
[31]
60 Hwang C, Yoo K, Kim S J, et al. Initial stage of graphene growth on a Cu substrate. J Phys Chem C, 2011, 115: 22369-22374？？
[32]
61 Gao L, Guest J R, Guisinger N P. Epitaxial graphene on Cu(111). Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 3512-3516？？
[33]
62 Rasool H I, Song E B, Mecklenburg M, et al. Atomic-scale characterization of graphene grown on Copper (100) single crystals. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 12536-12543？？
[34]
65 Li X, Cai W, An J, et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science, 2009, 324: 1312-1314？？
[35]
66 Li X, Magnuson C W, Venugopal A, et al. Graphene films with large domain size by a two-step chemical vapor deposition process. Nano Lett,2010, 10: 4328-4334？？
[36]
67 Li X, Magnuson C W, Venugopal A, et al. Large-area graphene single crystals grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition of methane on copper. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 2816-2819？？
[37]
70 Wood J D, Schmucker S W, Lyons A S, et al. Effects of polycrystalline Cu substrate on graphene growth by chemical vapor deposition. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 4547-4554？？
[38]
1 Geim A K, Novoselov K S. The rise of graphene. Nat Mater, 2007, 6: 183-191？？
[39]
3 Novoselov K, Jiang D, Schedin F, et al. Two-dimensional atomic crystals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2005, 102: 10451？？
[40]
9 Booth T J, Blake P, Nair R R, et al. Macroscopic graphene membranes and their extraordinary stiffness. Nano Lett, 2008, 8: 2442-2446？？
[41]
12 Robinson J T, Zalalutdinov M, Baldwin J W, et al. Wafer-scale reduced graphene oxide films for nanomechanical devices. Nano Lett, 2008, 8:3441-3445？？
[42]
13 Schedin F, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Detection of individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. Nat Mater, 2007, 6: 652-655？？
[43]
14 Wang X, Zhi L, Mullen K. Transparent, conductive graphene electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. Nano Lett, 2007, 8: 323-327
[44]
15 Zheng Y, Ni G X, Toh C T, et al. Gate-controlled nonvolatile graphene-ferroelectric memory. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 94: 163505？？
[45]
17 Chakrabarti A, Lu J, Skrabutenas J C, et al. Conversion of carbon dioxide to few-layer graphene. J Mater Chem, 2011, 21: 9491-9493？？
[46]
18 Emtsev K V, Bostwick A, Horn K, et al. Towards wafer-size graphene layers by atmospheric pressure graphitization of silicon carbide. Nat Mater, 2009, 8: 203-207？？
[47]
23 Li D, Müller M B, Gilje S, et al. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008, 3: 101-105？？
[48]
26 Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science, 2004, 306: 666-669？？
[49]
27 Obraztsov A N. Chemical vapour deposition: Making graphene on a large scale. Nat Nano, 2009, 4: 212-213？？
[50]
29 Sutter P W, Flege J I, Sutter E A. Epitaxial graphene on ruthenium. Nat Mater, 2008, 7: 406-411？？
[51]
30 Tung V C, Allen M J, Yang Y, et al. High-throughput solution processing of large-scale graphene. Nat Nanotechnol, 2008, 4: 25-29
[52]
32 Stroscio J A, Bare S R, Ho W. The chemisorption and decomposition of ethylene and acetylene on Ni(110). Surf Sci, 1984, 148: 499-525？？
[53]
35 Land T, Michely T, Behm R, et al. Direct observation of surface reactions by scanning tunneling microscopy: Ethylene→ethylidyne→carbon particles→graphite on Pt (111). J Chem Phys, 1992, 97: 6774-6783？？
[54]
36 Li X, Cai W, Colombo L, et al. Evolution of graphene growth on Ni and Cu by carbon isotope labeling. Nano Lett, 2009, 9: 4268-4272？？
[55]
37 Zhang H, Fu Q, Cui Y, et al. Growth mechanism of graphene on Ru(0001) and O2 adsorption on the graphene/Ru(0001) surface. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113: 8296-8301？？
[56]
40 Wang B, Ma X, Caffio M, et al. Size-selective carbon nanoclusters as precursors to the growth of epitaxial graphene. Nano Lett, 2011, 11:424-430？？
[57]
42 Huang P Y, Ruiz-Vargas C S, van der Zande A M, et al. Grains and grain boundaries in single-layer graphene atomic patchwork quilts. Nature,2011, 469: 389-392？？
[58]
46 Lin M, Tan J P Y, Boothroyd C, et al. Dynamical observation of bamboo-like carbon nanotube growth. Nano Lett, 2007, 7: 2234-2238？？
[59]
48 N？rskov J K, Bligaard T, Logadottir A, et al. Universality in heterogeneous catalysis. J Catal, 2002, 209: 275-278？？
[60]
50 Loginova E, Bartelt N C, Feibelman P J, et al. Evidence for graphene growth by C cluster attachment. New J Phys, 2008, 10: 093026？？
[61]
51 Chen H, Zhu W, Zhang Z. Contrasting behavior of carbon nucleation in the initial stages of graphene epitaxial growth on stepped metal surfaces. Phys Rev Lett, 2010, 104: 186101？？
[62]
52 Gao J, Yip J, Zhao J, et al. Graphene nucleation on transition metal surface: Structure transformation and role of the metal step edge. J Am Chem Soc, 2011, 133: 5009-5015？？
[63]
53 Cheng D, Barcaro G, Charlier J C, et al. Homogeneous nucleation of graphitic nanostructures from carbon chains on Ni(111). J Phys Chem C,2011, 115: 10537-10543？？
[64]
54 Gao J, Yuan Q, Hu H, et al. Formation of carbon clusters in the initial stage of chemical vapor deposition graphene growth on Ni(111) surface. J Phys Chem C, 2011, 115: 17695-17703？？
[65]
56 Loginova E, Bartelt N C, Feibelman P J, et al. Factors influencing graphene growth on metal surfaces. New J Phys, 2009, 11: 063046？？
[66]
59 Luo Z, Kim S, Kawamoto N, et al. Growth mechanism of hexagonal-shape graphene flakes with zigzag edges. ACS Nano, 2011, 5:9154-9160？？
[67]
63 Bhaviripudi S, Jia X, Dresselhaus M S, et al. Role of kinetic factors in chemical vapor deposition synthesis of uniform large area graphene using copper catalyst. Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 4128-4133？？
[68]
64 Gao L, Ren W, Zhao J, et al. Efficient growth of high-quality graphene films on Cu foils by ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 97: 183109？？
[69]
68 Vlassiouk I, Regmi M, Fulvio P, et al. Role of hydrogen in chemical vapor deposition growth of large single-crystal graphene. ACS Nano,2011, 5: 6069-6076？？
[70]
69 Losurdo M, Giangregorio M M, Capezzuto P, et al. Graphene CVD growth on copper and nickel: Role of hydrogen in kinetics and structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2011, 13: 20836-20843
