4 Kang S C, Xu Y W, You Q L, et al. Review of climate and cryospheric change in the Tibetan Plateau. Environ Res Lett, 2010, 5: 015101, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/5/1/015101??
[2]
6 Li D F, Tian Y, Liu C M, et al. Impact of land-cover and climate changes on runoff of the source regions of the Yellow River. J Geogr Sci, 2004, 14: 330-338??
18 Yang K, Rasmy M, Rauniyar S, et al. Initial CEOP-based review of the prediction skill of operational general circulation models and land surface models. J Meteorol Soc Jpn, 2007, 85: 99-116
[9]
19 Yang K, Chen Y Y, Qin J. Some practical notes on the land surface modeling in the Tibetan Plateau. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci, 2009, 13: 687-701??
[10]
20 Lepage Y. A combination of Wilcoxon’s and Ansari-Bradley’s statistics. Biometrika, 1971, 58: 213-217??
[11]
21 Sellers P J, Randall D A, Collatz G J, et al. A revised land surface parameterization (SiB2) for atmospheric GCMs, Part I: Model formula-tion. J Clim, 1996, 9: 676-705??
[12]
25 Li Q, Sun S F, Dai Q D. The numerical scheme development of a simplified frozen soil model. Adv Atmos Sci, 2009, 26: 940-950??
[13]
27 Global Soil Data Task Group. Global Gridded Surfaces of Selected Soil Characteristics (IGBPDIS), International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme - Data and Information Services. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, 2000
[14]
28 Loveland T R, Reed B C, Brown J F, et al. Development of a global land cover characteristics database and IGBP DISCover from 1-km AVHRR data. Int J Remote Sens, 2001, 21: 1303-1330
[15]
29 Knyazikhin Y, Glassy J, Privette J L, et al. MODIS Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation Absorbed by Vegetation (FPAR) Product (MOD15) Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Version 4.0. 1999 ??
[16]
30 Yang K, Qin J, Guo X F, et al. Method development for estimating sensible heat flux over the Tibetan Plateau from CMA data. J Appl Meteorol Clim, 2009, 48: 2474-2486??
[17]
32 Lan Y C, Zhao G H, Zhang Y N, et al. Response of runoff in the headwater region of the Yellow River to climate change and its sensibility analysis. J Geogr Sci, 2010, 20: 848-860??
10 Chen L Q, Liu C M, Li Y P, et al. Impacts of climatic factors on runoff coefficients in source regions of the Huanghe River. Chin Geogr Sci, 2007, 17: 47-55 ??
[25]
11 Zhang X S, Srinivasan R, Debele B, et al. Runoff simulation of the headwater of the Yellow River using the SWAT model with three snowmelt algorithms. J Am Water Resour Assoc, 2008, 44: 48-61??
22 Watanabe T, Kondo J. The influence of canopy structure and density upon the mixing length within and above vegetation. J Meteorol Soc Jpn, 1990, 68: 227-235
[30]
23 Yang K, Koike T, Ishikawa H, et al. Turbulent flux transfer over bare-soil surfaces: characteristics and parameterization. J Appl Meteorol Clim, 2008, 40: 276-290
[31]
24 Ross P J. Modeling soil water and solute transport-fast, simplified numerical solutions. Agron J, 2003, 95: 1352-1361??