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科学通报  2012 

爱情的神经生理机制

DOI: 10.1360/972012-692, PP. 3376-3383

Keywords: 爱情,脑功能成像,激素,神经递质

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Abstract:

爱情是一种跨文化普遍存在的现象.从20世纪90年代以来,爱情已经成为神经生物学、认知神经科学、心理学等多学科的新研究焦点.对爱情及其相关行为的脑功能成像研究发现,爱情主要激活奖赏环路,尤其是腹侧被盖区和尾状核;抑制与社会判断、负性情绪有关的脑区活动,如外侧前额叶皮层、后扣带皮层、杏仁核等.这提示爱情并不是一种单一情绪,而是一种类似于金钱奖赏的激励动机;同时爱情会降低人们对所爱对象的社会判断力.爱情所激活和抑制的脑区既有跨文化的一致性,也有差异性.另一方面,爱情也会导致人体内多种激素和神经递质的变化,包括皮质醇、多巴胺、五羟色胺、后叶催产素和加压素、神经生长因子等.最后,我们从爱情的测量方法、研究手段以及爱情对行为决策的可能影响等方面,讨论了爱情领域未来研究的可能方向.

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