3 Mercer T R, Dinger M E, Mattick J S. Long non-coding RNAs: Insights into functions. Nat Rev Genet, 2009, 10: 155-159？？
[2]
4 Wang K C, Chang H Y. Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs. Mol Cell, 2011, 43: 904-914？？
[3]
10 Huarte M, Guttman M, Feldser D, et al. A large intergenic noncoding RNA induced by p53 mediates global gene repression in the p53 response. Cell, 2010, 142: 409-419？？
[4]
14 Clark M B, Mattick J S. Long noncoding RNAs in cell biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 2011, 22: 366-376？？
[5]
15 Gong C, Maquat L E. lncRNAs transactivate STAU1-mediated mRNA decay by duplexing with 3′UTRs via Alu elements. Nature, 2011, 470: 284-288？？
[6]
16 Cesana M, Cacchiarelli D, Legnini I, et al. A long noncoding RNA controls muscle differentiation by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA. Cell, 2011, 147: 358-369？？
[7]
25 Yang C, Li X, Wang Y, et al. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 regulated cell cycle distribution via CREB through PI3-K dependent pathway in bladder carcinoma cells. Gene, 2012, 496: 8-16？？
28 Prensner J R, Iyer M K, Balbin O A, et al. Transcriptome sequencing across a prostate cancer cohort identifies PCAT-1, an unannotated lincRNA implicated in disease progression. Nat Biotechnol, 2011, 29: 742-749？？
[10]
36 Lai M C, Yang Z, Zhou L, et al. Long non-coding RNA MALAT-1 overexpression predicts tumor recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. Med Oncol, 2012, 29: 1810-1816？？
[11]
38 Yu M, Ohira M, Li Y, et al. High expression of ncRAN, a novel non-coding RNA mapped to chromosome 17q25.1, is associated with poor prognosis in neuroblastoma. Int J Oncol, 2009, 34: 931-938
[12]
40 Khaitan D, Dinger M E, Mazar J, et al. The melanoma-upregulated long noncoding RNA SPRY4-IT1 modulates apoptosis and invasion. Cancer Res, 2011, 71: 3852-3862？？
[13]
41 Jendrzejewski J, He H, Radomska H S, et al. The polymorphism rs944289 predisposes to papillary thyroid carcinoma through a large intergenic noncoding RNA gene of tumor suppressor type. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2012, 109: 8646-8651？？
[14]
42 Zhou Y, Zhong Y, Wang Y, et al. Activation of p53 by MEG3 non-coding RNA. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282: 24731-24742？？
[15]
43 Braconi C, Kogure T, Valeri N, et al. microRNA-29 can regulate expression of the long non-coding RNA gene MEG3 in hepatocellular cancer. Oncogene, 2011, 30: 4750-4756？？
[16]
45 Zhang X, Gejman R, Mahta A, et al. Maternally expressed gene 3, an imprinted noncoding RNA gene, is associated with meningioma pathogenesis and progression. Cancer Res, 2010, 70: 2350-2358？？
[17]
46 Benetatos L, Dasoula A, Hatzimichael E, et al. Promoter hypermethylation of the MEG3 (DLK1/MEG3) imprinted gene in multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma, 2008, 8: 171-175？？
[18]
47 Mourtada-Maarabouni M, Pickard M R, Hedge V L, et al. GAS5, a non-protein-coding RNA, controls apoptosis and is downregulated in breast cancer. Oncogene, 2009, 28: 195-208？？
[19]
48 Poliseno L, Haimovic A, Christos P J, et al. Deletion of PTENP1 pseudogene in human melanoma. J Invest Dermatol, 2011, 131: 2497-2500？？
[20]
1 Ponting C P, Oliver P L, Reik W. Evolution and functions of long noncoding RNAs. Cell, 2009, 136: 629-641？？
[21]
2 Dinger M E, Pang K C, Mercer T R, et al. NRED: A database of long noncoding RNA expression. Nucleic Acids Res, 2009, 37: D122-126
[22]
5 Wapinski O, Chang H Y. Long noncoding RNAs and human disease. Trends Cell Biol, 2011, 21: 354-361？？
[23]
6 Kugel J F, Goodrich J A. Non-coding RNAs: Key regulators of mammalian transcription. Trends Biochem Sci, 2012, 37: 144-151？？
[24]
7 Chaumeil J, Le Baccon P, Wutz A, et al. A novel role for Xist RNA in the formation of a repressive nuclear compartment into which genes are recruited when silenced. Genes Dev, 2006, 20: 2223-2237？？
[25]
8 Wang K C, Yang Y W, Liu B, et al. A long noncoding RNA maintains active chromatin to coordinate homeotic gene expression. Nature, 2011, 472: 120-124？？
[26]
9 Tsai M C, Manor O, Wan Y, et al. Long noncoding RNA as modular scaffold of histone modification complexes. Science, 2010, 329: 689-693？？
[27]
11 Kino T, Hurt D E, Ichijo T, et al. Noncoding RNA gas5 is a growth arrest- and starvation-associated repressor of the glucocorticoid receptor. Sci Signal, 2010, 3: ra8
[28]
12 Hung T, Wang Y, Lin M F, et al. Extensive and coordinated transcription of noncoding RNAs within cell-cycle promoters. Nat Genet, 2011, 43: 621-629？？
[29]
13 Tripathi V, Ellis J D, Shen Z, et al. The nuclear-retained noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by modulating SR splicing factor phosphorylation. Mol Cell, 2010, 39: 925-938？？
[30]
17 Poliseno L, Salmena L, Zhang J, et al. A coding-independent function of gene and pseudogene mRNAs regulates tumour biology. Nature, 2010, 465: 1033-1038？？
[31]
18 Gupta R A, Shah N, Wang K C, et al. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis. Nature, 2010, 464: 1071-1076？？
[32]
19 Kim K, Jutooru I, Chadalapaka G, et al. HOTAIR is a negative prognostic factor and exhibits pro-oncogenic activity in pancreatic cancer. Oncogene, 2012, doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.193
[33]
20 Kogo R, Shimamura T, Mimori K, et al. Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR regulates polycomb-dependent chromatin modification and is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancers. Cancer Res, 2011, 71: 6320-6326？？
[34]
21 Geng Y J, Xie S L, Li Q, et al. Large intervening non-coding RNA HOTAIR is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma progression. J Int Med Res, 2011, 39: 2119-2128
[35]
22 Niinuma T, Suzuki H, Nojima M, et al. Upregulation of miR-196a and HOTAIR drive malignant character in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Res, 2012, 72: 1126-1136？？
[36]
23 McCarthy N. Epigenetics: Going places with BANCR. Nat Rev Cancer, 2012, 12: 451？？
[37]
24 Flockhart R J, Webster D E, Qu K, et al. BRAFV600E remodels the melanocyte transcriptome and induces BANCR to regulate melanoma cell migration. Genome Res, 2012, 22: 1006-1014？？
[38]
26 Wang Y, Chen W, Yang C, et al. Long non-coding RNA UCA1a (CUDR) promotes proliferation and tumorigenesis of bladder cancer. Int J Oncol, 2012, 41: 276-284
[39]
29 Goode R R, Marshall S J, Duff M, et al. Use of PCA3 in detecting prostate cancer in initial and repeat prostate biopsy patients. Prostate, 2012, doi: 10.1002/pros.22538
[40]
30 Lee G L, Dobi A, Srivastava S. Prostate cancer: diagnostic performance of the PCA3 urine test. Nat Rev Urol, 2011, 8: 123-124？？
[41]
31 Cui Z, Ren S, Lu J, et al. The prostate cancer-up-regulated long noncoding RNA PlncRNA-1 modulates apoptosis and proliferation through reciprocal regulation of androgen receptor. Urol Oncol, 2012, doi:10.1016/j.urolonc.2011.11.030
[42]
32 Yap K L, Li S, Munoz-Cabello A M, et al. Molecular interplay of the noncoding RNA ANRIL and methylated histone H3 lysine 27 by polycomb CBX7 in transcriptional silencing of INK4a. Mol Cell, 2010, 38: 662-674？？
[43]
33 Kotake Y, Nakagawa T, Kitagawa K, et al. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is required for the PRC2 recruitment to and silencing of p15(INK4B) tumor suppressor gene. Oncogene, 2011, 30: 1956-1962？？
[44]
34 Schmidt L H, Spieker T, Koschmieder S, et al. The long noncoding MALAT-1 RNA indicates a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer and induces migration and tumor growth. J Thorac Oncol, 2011, 6: 1984-1992？？
[45]
35 Ying L, Chen Q, Wang Y, et al. Upregulated MALAT-1 contributes to bladder cancer cell migration by inducing epithelial-to-mesen- chymal transition. Mol Biosyst, 2012, doi: 10.1039/C2MB25070E
[46]
37 Xu C, Yang M, Tian J, et al. MALAT-1: A long non-coding RNA and its important 3 end functional motif in colorectal cancer metastasis. Int J Oncol, 2011, 39: 169-175
[47]
39 Zhu Y, Yu M, Li Z, et al. ncRAN, a newly identified long noncoding RNA, enhances human bladder tumor growth, invasion, and survival. Urology, 2011, 77: e511-515
[48]
44 Wang P, Ren Z, Sun P. Overexpression of the long non-coding RNA MEG3 impairs in vitro glioma cell proliferation. J Cell Biochem, 2012, 113: 1868-1874？？
[49]
49 Ioffe Y J, Chiappinelli K B, Mutch D G, et al. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) pseudogene expression in endometrial cancer: A conserved regulatory mechanism important in tumorigenesis? Gynecol Oncol, 2012, 124: 340-346
