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科学通报  2014 

华北地区大气降尘和地表土壤磁学特征及污染来源

DOI: 10.1360/972013-1033, PP. 1748-1760

Keywords: 大气颗粒物,地表土壤,环境磁学,重金属

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Abstract:

城市大气颗粒物来源是环境污染监测与治理的关键问题.本文应用环境磁学方法研究了内蒙古自治区、河北及北京地区大气自然降尘和地表土壤的磁学特征,并对大气降尘中重金属元素和磁学参数进行多元统计分析.结果表明,降尘和地表土壤中主要载磁矿物为低矫顽力磁铁矿,降尘和土壤中磁性矿物颗粒的浓度和粒径呈现从内蒙古经河北至北京方向随着工业和人口密集程度的增大而逐渐增加的模式,指示了人类活动是降尘中强磁性矿物的主要贡献者.利用拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(HybirdSingle-ParticleLagrangianIntegratedTrajectory,HYSPLIT)对北京地区大气颗粒物进行溯源和追踪分析,发现沙尘天气的颗粒物主要来自西北或偏西方向,境外源有俄罗斯、蒙古和哈萨克斯坦等国的戈壁或沙漠地区,境内主要来自西部戈壁沙漠地带和内蒙古地区.大量的气团运移轨迹显示,北京市不同季节里颗粒物的搬运轨迹与本次研究的采样路线基本一致,表明华北地区污染物的来源主要来自河北省城市群落之间污染源的排放.

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