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科学通报  2014 

西非埃博拉病毒病传入中国的可能航线和风险估计

DOI: 10.1360/N972014-01201, PP. 3572-3580

Keywords: 埃博拉病毒病,传染病,航线,风险,传入,传播

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Abstract:

2014年8月8日,世界卫生组织宣布西非埃博拉病毒病疫情为“国际公共卫生紧急事件”.为评估西非埃博拉病毒病传入中国的可能航线和风险,本研究基于2013年10~12月的国际民用航空客运数据,分析疫情最严重的3个西非国家(几内亚、利比里亚和塞拉利昂)来华旅客传入疫情的风险.2013年第4季度从西非三国离境旅客为107113人次,其中3167人(3.0%)将主要通过法国、比利时和阿联酋等8个国家的机场转机后,抵达中国大陆.入境机场分布在北京、广州、上海、杭州、武汉、重庆和大连,目的地城市为北京、广州、武汉、上海、杭州、重庆和温州等.假设2014年第4季度与2013年同期出行方式和人数不变,估计相关机场口岸平均每入境和查验国际旅客2235名就有1名来自疫区的旅客;预测2014年10~12月可能传入的埃博拉病毒感染者旅客为0.54人次,其中利比里亚0.35人次、塞拉利昂0.16人次、几内亚0.03人次.若疫区发病水平上升或来华旅客人数减少,则传入的感染者人数呈现相应程度地增加或减少.研究表明,埃博拉病毒病疫情通过民航旅客传入我国的可能性是存在的,但风险较低.我国可支持西非疫区国家开展离境病例筛查,及早发现病例,并有针对性地在我国重点入境口岸开展高风险人群的查验,在主要目的地城市加强监测.

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