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科学通报  2015 

沉积物中非培养趋磁细菌与氧气关系初探

DOI: 10.1360/N972013-00062, PP. 88-96

Keywords: 趋磁细菌,沉积物环境,趋磁-趋氧性,氧气浓度

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Abstract:

趋磁细菌沿磁场方向排列和游动的现象称之为趋磁性,它们靠感知周围化学环境变化调整其游动方向,即趋化性作用,趋磁细菌游动方式和分布是趋磁性和趋化性共同作用的结果.趋磁细菌主要富集在有氧-无氧交界带附近,趋磁-趋氧(magneto-aerotaxis)模型指出,氧气浓度决定趋磁细菌的游动方向,即对于北半球趋磁细菌,高氧环境下游动方向与磁北方向相同(北向趋磁细菌),在低氧或无氧环境下游动方向与磁北方向相反(南向趋磁细菌).趋磁-趋氧模型目前仍缺少在沉积物环境中的实验检验,沉积物环境中两种非培养趋磁细菌被用来检验其与氧气关系.趋磁细菌垂直分布形成过程中,沉积物上部形成的趋磁细菌初始峰值与氧气梯度有关,但沉积物环境趋于稳定后趋磁细菌分布向深处扩展,说明其他因素的影响.从正常氧气条件到无氧条件的过渡中,趋磁细菌分布整体移至沉积物表层,在稳定无氧条件中趋磁细菌分布向深处扩展,最终与正常氧气条件中相似,说明趋磁细菌对氧气或与氧气有关的环境变化表现出一定的适应性.趋磁细菌在低氧或无氧条件下游动方式与正常氧气条件下相似,趋磁-趋氧模型在两种趋磁细菌上并没有得到充分证实.实验结果说明,趋磁细菌在沉积物中的分布虽与氧气条件有一定联系,但可能并不是影响趋磁细菌游动方式和分布的主要因素.

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