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科学通报  2015 

GPS测定的尼泊尔Mw7.9和Mw7.3级地震同震形变场

DOI: 10.1360/N972015-00519, PP. 2758-2764

Keywords: 尼泊尔地震,静态同震形变,动态形变波形,藏南地区

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Abstract:

2015年尼泊尔Mw7.9和Mw7.3级地震致灾范围包括尼泊尔、印度北部、巴基斯坦、孟加拉和中国藏南地区,地震应变应力调整将对震区和邻区的地震活动产生不同程度的影响.尼泊尔境内的GPS连续观测数据、“中国大陆构造环境监测网络”GPS基准站和地震应急流动站观测数据计算结果揭示了尼泊尔地震的静态和动态同震形变场.对Mw7.9级地震,尼泊尔境内近场静态同震GPS水平位移最大为1.89m,距震中100~400km的中国藏南地区观测到几毫米到几十厘米的静态水平位移,毗邻尼泊尔的聂拉木县最大形变54.0cm.Mw7.3级地震静态同震形变最大为2cm,局限在震中附近200km范围内.距震中约2000km内的GPS基准站均记录到Mw7.9大震明显的动态形变信号,高频GPS动态形变幅度与地震破裂方向有关,位于破裂方向上的测站动态形变幅度明显大于其他方向的测站.用弹性半空间位错模型正演模拟了震区和青藏高原南部格网点上的同震形变,并分析了地震应变影响,认为尼泊尔地震对中国藏南地区产生一定程度的拉张型应力变化,需要持续关注.

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