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科学通报  2013 

重庆地区住宅室内潮湿问题和儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的相关性分析:横断面调查

, PP. 2584-2591

Keywords: 潮湿,儿童,哮喘,过敏性疾病,室内环境

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Abstract:

重庆地区住宅室外全年高温高湿,极易导致住宅室内潮湿问题.作为中国室内环境与儿童健康研究项目(CCHH)的一部分,项目组针对重庆地区住宅室内环境特征和儿童哮喘、过敏性疾病及相关病症的相关性展开了研究.在横断面调查中,5299名儿童自我报告了其哮喘及过敏性疾病信息和住宅室内潮湿问题,本文对其中的4754名3~6岁儿童的健康问题和其住宅特征数据进行了整理分析.结果显示,35.1%的住宅中出现“被褥受潮”现象,14.3%出现“窗户凝水(凝水高度超过5cm)”现象,11.6%出现“发霉气味”,9.3%出现“水损”,8.3%出现“湿点”,5.3%出现“霉点”.在自我报告结果中,27.0%和51.1%的儿童分别自我报告曾经出现过喘息症状和鼻炎症状,近12个月里,38.1%的儿童出现鼻炎症状,20.5%出现喘息症状,18.9%出现夜间干咳情况,13.2%出现湿疹.医生诊断的哮喘和鼻炎的患病率分别为8.3%和6.2%.在重庆地区,住宅室内潮湿问题与儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的相关性显著存在.“霉点”与医生诊断的鼻炎之间的相关性最为显著,调整后的比值比(ORA)为2.27%(95%CI1.48,3.49).除了医生诊断的哮喘和鼻炎,“被褥受潮”与儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病症状有着显著的相关性.“晾晒被褥”的行为可以有效降低儿童哮喘及过敏性疾病的患病率,同时也可以显著地降低被褥受潮现象.

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