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科学通报  2013 

上海市学龄前儿童哮喘和过敏症与宠物饲养的关联性

, PP. 2527-2534

Keywords: 宠物饲养,哮喘,过敏症,儿童,规避行为

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Abstract:

早期的宠物饲养是否为儿童后期出现哮喘和过敏症的危险因素仍存在争议.基于中国室内环境与儿童健康课题组上海分组在上海地区开展的一项横断面群组调查,进一步探究了宠物饲养与儿童哮喘和过敏性症状的关联性.课题组共对上海市5个行政区的72家幼儿园进行了问卷调查,总计回收15266份有效问卷(回收率为85.3%).本文分析了其中13335份(87.4%)4~6岁儿童由家长填写的有效问卷.结果显示除狗外,与郊区相比,更多的市区家庭饲养猫、啮齿类、鸟类和鱼类,其中鱼类饲养在市区家庭中最为常见.同时问卷数据显示医生诊断的儿童哮喘患病率为10.3%,医生诊断的花粉症为12.6%,儿童喘息患病率为28.3%,鼻炎54.1%,湿疹22.9%.早期饲养有毛宠物与大部分的过敏性症状存在正相关性,且与过去任何时候出现的鼻炎症状(AOR=1.41,95%CI=1.14~1.76)和经医生诊断的花粉症(1.38,1.02~1.88)显著(P≤0.05)正相关.而当前饲养有毛宠物与医生诊断的哮喘(0.57,0.39~0.83)显著(P≤0.05)负相关.持续(从出生到现在)饲养有毛宠物与动物或花粉接触后出现的鼻炎症状显著正相关.但家庭成员有过敏性症状或有宠物规避行为的儿童患有更多症状,这些家庭有意识地规避猫和狗的饲养,从而在横断面群组调查的数据分析中得出负相关性,即这些宠物是“保护性”因素.此外,啮齿类动物和鸟类的饲养对儿童健康也可能是危险因素.本研究结果显示早期饲养有毛宠物是儿童哮喘和过敏症的危险因素,部分上海市民对有毛宠物的饲养具有规避意识.

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