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科学通报  2013 

基于ICESat和Landsat的中国十大湖泊水量平衡估算

, PP. 2664-2678

Keywords: 中国湖泊,湖面高程,湖泊面积,水量平衡,青藏高原,长江流域

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Abstract:

湖面高程与面积变化对区域气候变化响应敏感,二者结合可用来估算湖泊水量平衡.本研究利用ICESat和Landsat数据,对中国最大的10个湖泊2003~2009年的高程、面积和体积变化进行了研究.结果表明,青藏高原地区色林错、纳木错、青海湖和中国东北的兴凯湖显示出湖面高程增加,色林错为10个湖泊中水面高程(0.69m/a)、面积(32.59km2/a)和体积(1.25km3/a)升高最快的湖泊;中国北部干旱和半干旱地区的博斯腾湖和呼伦湖表现了湖面高程与面积的下降,博斯腾湖则显示了最快的湖面高程下降(-0.43m/a),呼伦湖面积收缩最大(-35.56km2/a).长江中下游地区的洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、太湖和洪泽湖湖面高程与面积则呈现出明显的季节变化,但总的变化趋势不明显.色林错、纳木错、青海湖、鄱阳湖、呼伦湖和博斯腾湖的湖面高程与面积表现出高的相关性(R2>0.80),太湖、洪泽湖和兴凯湖相关性中等(R2≈0.70),东洞庭湖相关性较小(R2=0.37).所有湖泊的高程变化与体积变化表现出较高的相关性(R2>0.98).根据湖泊高程与面积变化,对其水量平衡进行了估算,色林错、纳木错、青海湖和兴凯湖表现出正平衡,分别为9.08,4.07,2.88和1.09km3;博斯腾湖和呼伦湖则显示出负平衡,分别为-3.01和-4.73km3.另外,根据湖面高程变化的特点,选择湖面升高、下降和无明显趋势的代表性湖泊,对其变化的原因进行了分析.此研究表明,可利用遥感卫星数据快速有效地估算湖泊的水量平衡.

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