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科学通报  2015 

真实和模拟火灾情境下小鼠的从众行为:一种启发式策略

DOI: 10.1360/N972014-00878, PP. 1370-1383

Keywords: 从众,学习和遗忘,火灾情境,逃生决策,生态理性,启发式策略

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Abstract:

从生态理性视角探讨并比较小鼠在真实火灾和模拟火灾情境下的从众行为.研究由2个预备训练和3个正式实验组成.研究发现(ⅰ)当小鼠缺乏明确逃生信息,而鼠群传递的逃生信息明确时,小鼠倾向于采纳群体信息,选择从众;(ⅱ)当小鼠掌握明确的逃生信息,鼠群传递的逃生信息也明确时,小鼠按照自己所掌握的信息选择逃生路线,不从众;(ⅲ)小鼠所掌握的逃生信息被遗忘,鼠群传递的逃生信息也变模糊时,小鼠在真实火灾情境下不从众,在模拟火灾情境下从众.结果表明,从众是一种启发式策略,具有生态理性适应功能;在存有逃生路线和出口相关信息记忆痕迹(内隐记忆)的前提下,真实火灾情境会优先激活与直接逃生信息相关的记忆,而从众启发式不具有优先激活性.

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