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科学通报  2015 

高效低温热水系统的研究进展

DOI: 10.1360/N972015-00063, PP. 1661-1677

Keywords: 低温热水,建筑节能,自然能源,热泵,蓄热,热回收

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Abstract:

我国城镇建筑热水能耗约占建筑总能耗的27%,目前热水制取以化石燃料和电能直接利用为主,存在能源利用效率低、污染物排放量大的问题.遵循“高品位能作为驱动热源、低温热水满足低温需求、自然能源合理充分利用”的原则,本团队构建了多种高效低温热水系统(1)燃料驱动型空气源热泵系统,传统供热系统作为热泵驱动力,能实现20%~40%的节能率,投资回收期在3~7年;(2)燃料驱动型水源热泵系统,缓解土壤源系统热不平衡并减少埋管数量,减少水源系统取水量和水泵能耗;(3)复合补热型土壤源热泵系统,利用热管和热泵高效蓄存空气热能,维持土壤热平衡和系统长期高效运行;(4)复合太阳能空气源热泵系统,充分利用不同强度的太阳能和不同品位的空气热能,提高能效并降低初投资;(5)蓄热型空气源热泵系统,实现了太阳能与空气热能的优势互补,提高了可靠性和经济性;(6)数据中心余热回收热水系统,热管/热泵复合空调从机房取热进入水环,水源热泵从水环取热制取低温热水供热,节能率高达60%.上述高效低温热水系统均具有较高的节能性、可靠性和经济性,是建筑热水领域节能减排的有效技术路径.

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