24 Leroy E M, Rouquet P, Swanepoel R, et al. Multiple Ebola virus transmission events and rapid decline of central African wildlife. Science, 2004, 303: 387-390
[2]
25 Negredo A, Palacios G, Vazquez-Moron S, et al. Discovery of an ebolavirus-like filovirus in europe. PLoS Pathog, 2011, 7: e1002304
[3]
26 Olival K J, Islam A, Yu M, et al. Ebola virus antibodies in fruit bats, bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis, 2013, 19: 270-273
[4]
27 Yuan J, Zhang Y, Li J, et al. Serological evidence of ebolavirus infection in bats, China. Virol J, 2012, 9: 236
[5]
28 Pourrut X, Kumulungui B, Leroy E M, et al. The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa. Microbes Infect, 2005, 7: 1005-1014
[6]
29 Nidom C A, Nakayama E, Miyamoto H, et al. Serological evidence of Ebola virus infection in Indonesian orangutans. PLoS One, 2012, 7: e40740
[7]
30 Feldmann, Geisbert T W. Ebola haemorrhagic fever. Lancet, 2011, 377: 849-862
[8]
31 Feldmann H, Wahl-Jensen V, Jones S M, et al. Ebola virus ecology: A continuing mystery. Trends Microbiol, 2004, 12: 433-437
[9]
32 Breman J G, Johnson K M, Heymann D L, et al. A search for Ebola virus in animals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Cameroon: Ecologic, virologic, and serologic surveys, 1979-1980. J Infect Dis, 1999, 179: S139-S147
[10]
33 Pierre Rouquet, Jean-Marc Froment, Pierre E. Rollin, et al. Wild animal mortality monitoring and human Ebola outbreaks, Gabon and Republic of Congo, 2001-2003. Emerg Infect Dis, 2005, 11: 283-290
[11]
34 Leroy E M, Kumulungui B, Swanepoel R, et al. Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. Nature 2005, 438: 575-576
[12]
35 Formenty P, Boesch C, Wyers M, et al. Ebola virus outbreak among wild chimpanzees living in a rain forest of C？te d'Ivoire. J Infect Dis, 1999, 179: 120-126
[13]
36 Bermejo M, Rodríguez-Teijeiro J D, Illera G, et al. Ebola outbreak killed 5000 gorillas. Science, 2006, 314: 1564
[14]
37 Leroy E M, Telfer P, Kumulungui B, et al. A serological survey of Ebola virus infection in central African nonhuman primates. J Infect Dis, 2004, 190: 1895-1899
[15]
38 Lahm S A, Kombila M, Barnes R F W, et al. Morbidity and mortality of wild animals in relation to outbreaks of Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Gabon, 1994-2003. T Roy Soc Trop Med H, 2007, 101: 64-78
[16]
39 Formenty P, Libama F, Epelboin A, et al. Outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in the Republic of the Congo, 2003: A new strategy. Med Trop (Mars), 2003, 63: 291-295
[17]
40 Nkoghe D, Formenty P, Andraghetti R, et al. Multiple Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, from October 2001 to April 2002. Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 2005, 98: 224-229
[18]
41 He X R, He M. Studis on ecological distribution of Pteropodidae in China. J Yunnan Univ (Nat Sci), 1995, 17: 234-241 [何晓瑞, 何牧. 中国狐蝠科的生态分布. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 1995, 17: 234-
[19]
42 Biek R, Walsh P D, Leroy E M, et al. Recent common ancestry of Ebola Zaire virus found in a bat reservoir. PLoS Pathog, 2006, 2: e90
[20]
43 Bausch D G, Borchert M, Grein T, et al. Risk factors for Marburg hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis, 2003, 9: 1531-1537
[21]
44 Bausch D G, Nichol S T, Muyembe-Tamfum J J, et al. Marburg haemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic lineages of virus. N Engl J Med, 2006, 355: 909-919
[22]
45 Bausch D G, Borchert M, Grein T, et al. Risk factors for Marburg hemorrhagic fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis, 2003, 9: 1531-1537
[23]
46 Towner J S, Amman B R, Sealy T K, et al. Isolation of genetically diverse Marburg viruses from Egyptian fruit bats. PLoS Pathog, 2009, 7: e1000536
[24]
47 Lo？s A, Olivier B, Eric M L, et al. Ebola virus antibody prevalence in dogs and human risk. Emerg Infect Dis, 2005, 11: 385-390
[25]
48 Heffernan R T, Pambo B, Ryder R W, et al. Low seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Ebola virus in an epidemic zone: Ogooué-Ivindo region, northeastern Gabon, 1997. J Infect Dis, 2005, 191: 964-968
[26]
49 Ng S, Basta N, Cowling B. Association between temperature, humidity and ebolavirus disease outbreaks in Africa, 1976 to 2014. Euro Surveill, 2014, 19: 20892
[27]
50 Murthy S, Couacy-Hymann E, Ehlers B, et al. Absence of frequent herpesvirus transmission in a nonhuman primate predator-prey system in the wild. J Virol, 2013, 87: 10651-10659
[28]
51 Kamins A O, Rowcliffe J M, Restif O, et al. Characteristics and risk perceptions of Ghanaians potentially exposed to bat-borne zoonoses through bushmeat. EcoHealth, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10393-014-0977-0
[29]
1 Gatherer D. The 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa. J Gen Virol, 2014, 95: 1619-1624
[30]
2 World Health Organization(WHO). WHO Statement on the Meeting of the International Health Regulations Emergency Committee Regarding the 2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa [EB/OL]. [2014-8-. http: //www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2014/ebola- 20140808/en/
[31]
3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever-2014 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa [EB/OL]. [2014-08-. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/index.html
[32]
4 Towner J S, Sealy T K, Khristova M L, et al. Newly discovered ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda. PLoS Pathog, 2008, 4: e1000212
[33]
5 Sanchez A, Kiley M P, Holloway B P, et al. Sequence analysis of the Ebola virus genome: Organization, genetic elements, and comparison with the genome of Marburg virus. Virus Res, 1993, 29: 215-240
[34]
6 Feldmann H, Klenk H D, Sanchez A. Molecular biology and evolution of filoviruses. Arch Virol, 1993, 7: 81-100
[35]
7 Strong J E, Grolla A, Jahrling P B, et al. Filoviruses and arenaviruses. In: Detrick B, Hamilton R G, Folds J D, eds. Manual of Molecular and Clinical Laboratory Immunology. Washington: ASM Press, 2006. 774-790
[36]
8 Sanchez A, Geisbert T H F. Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola viruses. In: Knipe D M, Howley P M, eds. Fields Virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2001. 1279-1304
[37]
9 Pigott D M, Golding N, Mylne A, et al. Mapping the zoonotic niche of Ebola virusdisease in Africa. ELife, 2014, 3: e04395
[38]
10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outbreaks Chronology: Ebola Virus Disease. [2015-03-. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ ebola/outbreaks/history/chronology.html 2015
[39]
11 Okware S I, Omaswa F G, Zaramba S, et al. An outbreak of Ebola in Uganda. Trop Med Int Health, 2002, 7: 1068-1075
[40]
12 Shoemaker T, MacNeil A, Balinandi S, et al. Reemerging Sudan Ebola virus disease in Uganda, 2011. Merg Imfect Dis, 2012, 18: 1480-1483
[41]
13 Albarino C G, Shoemaker T, Khristova M L, et al. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology, 2013, 442: 97-100
[42]
14 World Health Organization (WHO). Outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, Uganda, August 2000-January 2001. Weekly Epidemiol Rec, 2001, 76: 41-48
[43]
15 Le Guenno B, Formenty P, Wyers M, et al. Isolation and partial characterisation of a new strain of Ebola virus. Lancet, 1995, 345: 1271-1274
[44]
16 MacNeil A, Farnon E C, Morgan O W, et al. Filovirus outbreak detection and surveillance: Lessons from bundibugyo. J Infect Dis, 2011, 204: S761-S767
[45]
17 Jahrling P B, Geisbert T W, Dalgard D W, et al. Preliminary report: Isolation of Ebola virus from monkeys imported to USA. Lancet, 1990, 335: 502-505
[46]
18 Miranda M E G, White M E, Dayrit M M, et al. Seroepidemiological study of filovirus related to Ebola in the Philippines. Lancet, 1991: 425-426
[47]
19 Miranda M E, Ksiazek T G, Retuya T J, et al. Epidemiology of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus in the Philippines. J Infect Dis, 1996, 179: 115-119
[48]
20 Barrette R W, Metwally S A, Rowland J M. Discovery of swine as a host for the Reston ebolavirus. Science, 2009, 325: 204-206
[49]
21 Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Update: Filovirus infection in animal handlers. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1990, 39: 221
[50]
22 Funk S, Piot P. Mapping Ebola in wild animals for better disease control. ELife, 2014, 3: e04565
[51]
23 Ng S, Cowling B J. Association between temperature, humidity and ebolavirus disease outbreaks in Africa, 1976 to 2014. Euro Surveill, 2014, 19: 20892
