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科学通报  2015 

2014年赤道东太平洋ElNi?o事件发展以及停滞过程的成因

DOI: 10.1360/N972014-01294, PP. 2136-2148

Keywords: El,Ni?,o事件,西风事件,海气相互作用

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Abstract:

2014年2~3月,在赤道西太平洋出现西风事件后,赤道东太平洋产生了显著的暖海表温度异常(SSTA),标志着一次ElNi?o事件开始发展,但随着4月份之后西风事件的减弱消亡,赤道东太平洋暖SSTA也随之衰减,指示着2014年ElNi?o事件的发展在6~8月停滞.资料分析表明,2014年2月,来自印度洋的MJO湿位相到达赤道西太平洋后,西风事件产生,触发了2014年ElNi?o事件.3月初,MJO干位相传播至赤道西太平洋后,西风事件开始减弱.3月中旬以后,东传MJO信号明显减弱,这时赤道西太平洋海表东风异常的发展维持与赤道西-中太平洋SSTA的纬向梯度联系紧密.在MJO信号消亡后,赤道西太平洋的海表异常东风通过风-蒸发反馈作用令当地暖SSTA逐渐加强,降低了局地海平面气压;同时该异常东风令赤道中太平洋混合层出现了明显的异常冷平流,抑制了赤道中太平洋的持续增暖,使局地海平面气压升高,从而加大了赤道西-中太平洋的纬向海平面气压梯度负异常,使得赤道西太平洋的表面异常东风维持加强.这种赤道西太平洋表面异常东风和赤道西-中太平洋SSTA纬向梯度异常的正反馈能够维持到8月份,导致西风事件减弱消失,造成ElNi?o事件的发展停滞.

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