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科学通报  2011 

天山乌鲁木齐1号冰川表雪中飞灰单颗粒特征

, PP. 2906-2916

Keywords: 飞灰颗粒,单颗粒特征,SEM-EDX,化学分类,乌鲁木齐1,号冰川

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Abstract:

为了鉴定和特征化研究中亚地区天山东部乌鲁木齐1号冰川(UG1)表雪中的球形飞灰颗粒,应用扫描电子显微镜与X射线能谱仪联用系统(SEM-EDX)获取了表雪中球形颗粒的特征信息(如形态、化学组成和成因等).该方法使得研究表雪中数量极其稀少的微观球形颗粒特性成为可能.在5个表雪样品中,普遍存在的颗粒形貌类型为球形颗粒、空心球状颗粒、形状不规则的碳质颗粒和聚合体.一些球形飞灰颗粒中含有有毒重金属元素(如铅、铬、砷、锌等),说明飞灰颗粒可能成为中亚高海拔地区冰川雪冰中有毒重金属元素的主要携带媒介.基于EDX获取的单颗粒化学信息,将沉积在表雪中的飞灰颗粒划分为4种类型.“富硅类”颗粒(平均直径为3.24μm),主要通过燃煤供热站或火电站等典型的工业用煤的高温燃烧过程所形成.“富铁类”颗粒(平均直径3.82μm)和“富钛类”颗粒,主要通过铸造厂或钢铁厂在温度稍低的燃烧过程中所形成.此外,“富碳类”颗粒(平均直径为8.43μm),主要由燃烧未尽的煤所形成.后向气团轨迹分析表明,中亚发达城市的工业燃烧区域通过西风环流成为乌鲁木齐1号冰川表雪中飞灰颗粒的主要可能贡献源.

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