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科学通报  2011 

我国旱作农业黍、粟植硅体碳封存潜力估算

, PP. 2881-2887

Keywords: 植硅体,旱作农业,碳封存,植硅体碳

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Abstract:

植硅体是植物在生长过程中沉淀在细胞内的非晶质二氧化硅矿物,在其沉淀过程中能够封存部分植物细胞的有机碳,植物死亡、腐烂、燃烧后,植硅体及其封存碳会被长期保存于土壤或沉积物中,而这一部分碳封存量在陆地生态系统碳循环研究中一直没有得到计算.黍、粟是我国北方新石器时代以来典型的旱作农作物,是研究人类活动影响陆地碳循环平衡的重要材料,通过湿式灰化法提取8种现代黍、粟植硅体并对其植硅体封存的碳含量进行测定,计算了粟、黍干物质产量、植硅体产量及碳封存量,结果表明(1)黍和粟的植硅体碳含量分别占其干物质量的0.136%±0.070%和0.129%±0.085%;(2)根据黍和粟近10年平均粮食产量计算,中国的黍和粟植硅体碳封存速率平均值分别为0.020±0.010和0.023±0.015tCO2hm-2a-1,以粟植硅体的高碳封存速率0.038tCO2hm-2a-1以及目前全国的旱作农业62.4×106hm2的种植规模计算,每年将通过旱作植硅体封存约2.37×106tCO2;(3)1949~2008年间,尽管我国粟种植面积和产量逐年减少,仅粟植硅体累积封存了约7×106tCO2.植硅体碳有可能是生物地球化学循环中丢失碳汇的一部分,研究不同农作物植硅体封存碳含量,可以客观认识人类活动对碳循环变化的影响.

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