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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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台湾河流沉积物的黏土矿物组成特征与物质来源
DOI: 10.1360/csb2012-57-2-3-169, PP. 169-177
Keywords: 台湾河流,河流沉积物,黏土矿物,风化作用,物质来源
Abstract:
台湾岛位于欧亚板块与菲律宾板块的碰撞地带,活跃的构造活动和丰富的降雨量以及其独特的地理位置造就了它在大陆边缘和"源到汇"研究中的重要地位,每年通过河流注入到周边海域的沉积物多达数亿吨,成为周边海域重要的物质来源,也成为沉积物"源到汇"系统研究的天然实验室.对台湾东部、西部12条代表性河流沉积物的黏土矿物分析结果显示,台湾西北部淡水河黏土矿物组成以伊利石(73%)和绿泥石(24%)为主,含有少量高岭石(3%),不含蒙脱石;台湾西部浊水溪沉积物中黏土矿物由伊利石(75%)和绿泥石(25%)组成;台湾西南部高屏溪黏土矿物主要由伊利石(75%)和绿泥石(23%)组成,含有少量高岭石(2%),不含蒙脱石.台湾东部河流沉积物与西部河流相比具有不同的黏土矿物组成,其中花莲溪沉积物中绿泥石平均含量高达48%,是台湾所有河流中绿泥石含量最高值.与大陆河流对比,台湾河流具有明显不同的黏土矿物组合特征.台湾河流中几乎不含蒙脱石,高岭石含量也较低.台湾河流沉积物中的黏土矿物组成特征主要与流域内岩石类型和物理、化学风化强度有关,广泛出露的第三纪沉积岩,尤其是砂岩、页岩、板岩等在经过强烈的物理风化作用后形成丰富的伊利石与绿泥石.由于台湾雨量充沛,地形陡峻,使得这些黏土矿物被河流快速搬运至出海口,并进一步随海流和波浪作用向其他海区扩散.
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