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毛乌素沙地东南缘不同类型沙丘土壤水分分布特征

, PP. 377-383

Keywords: 沙丘类型,沙丘水分,土壤含水量,粒度分析,地貌部位,毛乌素沙地,横山,陕西

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Abstract:

通过对横山县境内毛乌素沙地东南缘的实地考察,根据植被类型和植被覆盖度,将沙丘分为裸露流动沙丘、灌木覆盖沙丘、乔木覆盖沙丘,分别在各类沙丘不同地貌部位实施4m深度钻孔取样,并进行含水量测试和粒度分析,研究沙地土壤含水量变化。结果表明对于垂直方向0~4m深度的沙地、灌木和乔木覆盖沙丘平均含水量变化为丘间洼地>迎风坡>背风坡,而裸露流动沙丘平均含水量变化为丘间洼地>背风坡>迎风坡;不同类型沙丘在各地貌部位不同层段含水量变化差异明显,变化趋势不统一。沙丘的地貌部位相同,地表的植被类型和覆盖度差异是影响沙地土壤含水量的重要因素,测试结果显示,迎风坡含水量为灌木覆盖沙丘>乔木覆盖沙丘>裸露流动沙丘;背风坡含水量为灌木覆盖沙丘>裸露流动沙丘>乔木覆盖沙丘;丘间洼地含水量为灌木覆盖沙丘>乔木覆盖沙丘>裸露流动沙丘。灌木覆盖沙丘土壤含水量变异系数最大,水分含量在不同层位波动较大,裸露流动沙丘和乔木覆盖沙丘含水量波动差异较小。沙丘上生长的灌木和乔木明显地改变了沙丘含水量的变化特征,灌木比乔木对沙丘含水量及其垂向变化的影响更显著。灌木对地表大气中的粉尘有较强的拦截能力,灌木沙丘平均的粉砂和黏土含量高,灌木的覆盖有利于沙地的土壤化进程和保持沙地水分,在沙地绿化过程中,应充分考虑灌木植物的作用。

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