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陇东黄土高原地表粗糙度对耕作土壤径流的影响

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Keywords: 模拟降雨,耕作土壤,地表粗糙度,径流量,蓄水量,黄土高原,陇东

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Abstract:

用人工模拟降雨器,对陇东黄土高原不同地表粗糙度(RR)条件下翻耕土壤的径流和蓄水能力进行研究。以兰州大学庆阳黄土高原试验站为试验点,设3个处理轻度(LR,RR=7.6mm),中度(MR,RR=10.1mm)和重度(HR,RR=21.0mm)处理。结果表明在66mm/h的降雨强度下,降雨开始的20min内,LR处理的径流量(3.5mm)是降雨量的16%,而HR处理的径流量(0.9mm)只有4%。降雨持续40min时,LR的径流量(33.0mm)达到降雨量的25%,与MR处理的径流量(34.8mm)相近,是降雨量的21%,但HR的径流量只有8%(40.5mm),它的蓄水量分别是LR和MR处理蓄水量的1.23倍和1.16倍。3个处理最后或稳定径流速度相近(LR,35mm/h;MR,38mm/h;HR,33mm/h),说明较大的地表粗糙度可以减少或延缓降雨前期的径流损失,增加蓄水量。

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