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胶东半岛大沽河流域径流变化特征

, PP. 965-972

Keywords: 径流量,变化趋势,突变,周期变化,大沽河流域,胶东半岛

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Abstract:

大沽河是胶东半岛最大的河流,被称为青岛市的“母亲河”,近年来受气候变化与人类活动的共同影响,河川径流量急剧减少,河道断流形势严峻。基于1964—2008年大沽河3个水文站点(南村、产芝水库和尹府水库)的径流资料以及青岛气象站点的气象资料,初步探讨了大沽河流域径流的年际年内特征、变化趋势及其原因。结果表明大沽河年径流存在明显的年代际特征,45a间有一定下降趋势,特别是20世纪80年代以来,南村站河道常出现全年断流现象;3个水文站均于60年代初发生了突变,而且尹府水库站的年径流还存在显著的准4a的变化周期;南村站径流的季节特征及变化趋势均比较显著,年径流量的89.8%集中在汛期,汛期径流量及各月径流(除8—9月)在45a间均呈显著下降趋势,非汛期径流变化趋势虽不明显,但其径流量自80年代以来大多年份为0;相对而言,产芝水库和尹府水库站径流的季节差异及趋势相对较小;由基准期(1964—1980年)到变化期(1981—2008年),降水变化与人类活动分别导致年径流量减少的比例为52.38%和47.62%,说明两者对径流的减少作用均比较显著,而且在全球气候变化的背景下,人类活动进一步加剧了径流的减少,并促使大沽河演变为季节性河流。

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