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1983-2003年浑善达克沙地中部沙丘植被在放牧条件下的比较

, PP. 313-320

Keywords: 植被变化,放牧,沙地植被,生物量,全球变化,浑善达克沙地

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Abstract:

为了研究长期放牧条件下植被的变化,采用样方调查方法分析了1983-2003年浑善达克沙地中部的沙丘植被在放牧条件下的变化。期间,物种多样性、生物量和盖度在第1个10年缓慢下降,而第2个10年则加速下降,在沙丘阳坡形成了以适口性差的一年生草本植物为主的稀疏植被,阴坡以木本树木为主。且表现为木本植物的降低速度比草本植物慢。1983年,沙丘阳坡植物以褐沙蒿(Artemisiaintramongolica)、展枝唐松草(Thalictrumsquarro-sum)、叉分蓼(Polygonumdavaricatum)为主;阴坡植物以白榆(Ulmuspumila)、圆叶桦(Betularotundifolia)、糙隐子草(Cleistogenessquarrosa)为主。而到了2003年,沙丘阳坡植被主要为褐沙蒿、雾冰藜(Bassiadasyphylla)、虫实(Corispermumheptapotamicum);阴坡植被主要为稠李(Prunuspadus)、柴桦(Betulafruticosa)、耧斗叶绣线菊(Spiraeaaquilegifolia)等。分析表明,20年间植被变化主要是由放牧造成的,气候变化并非主因。20年来,牛羊数量剧增,超过了草原承载力,而气温和降水则没有明显变化。

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