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保墒灌溉对夏玉米地土壤水分迁移转化的影响

, PP. 198-204

Keywords: 保墒灌溉,夏玉米,土壤水分,迁移转化,耗水规律,杨凌,陕西

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Abstract:

设置地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和PAM化学保水剂3种保墒处理,研究不同保墒灌溉下夏玉米地土壤水分沿剖面变化规律与夏玉米整个生育期耗水规律的异同。试验结果表明在灌溉或非灌溉条件下,各保墒处理的土壤含水量在0~150cm均高于相同条件下的对照,且各保墒灌溉对土壤储水量的提高,随着灌溉水量的增加而增加。试验结果还表明地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖和PAM处理在拔节前的耗水量分别较对照平均降低了27.92mm,24.54mm和2.07mm,降幅分别为58.4%,51.33%和4.33%。抽雄期至灌浆期,地膜覆盖条件下土壤耗水量较对照增加11.88~20.90mm;秸秆覆盖增加12.93~18.14mm,而PAM处理则增加2.00~4.39mm。灌浆期至成熟期虽然与抽雄期至灌浆期的耗水规律一致,但是由于不同处理受降雨的影响,土壤水分状况差异不是很大,因此土壤耗水量起伏变化较小。同时得出,夏玉米整个生育期内,不同处理耗水量大小关系依次为CK>PAM处理>秸秆覆盖处理>地膜覆盖处理。

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