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腾格里沙漠南缘3种优势植物种子出苗对土壤类型和沙埋的响应

, PP. 1038-1044

Keywords: 土壤类型,沙埋深度,植物种子,出苗率,死亡率,腾格里沙漠

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Abstract:

沙米(Agriophyllumsquarrosum)、沙蒿(Artemisiasphaerocephala)和油蒿(Artemisiaordosica)分别是腾格里沙漠南缘不同植被演替阶段的3个优势物种,2009年5~6月在大田盆栽条件下,设计了2种土壤类型和0cm,1cm,2cm,3cm,4cm,6cm,8cm共7个沙埋深度处理,研究土壤类型和沙埋对这3种植物种子出苗的影响。结果发现在沙土条件下,沙米0cm埋深出苗率最低、出苗速度最慢;1~2cm的浅层埋深下,沙米、沙蒿和油蒿的幼苗出苗速度最快、出苗率也最高。出苗时间随着沙埋深度的增加而延长,出苗率随着沙埋深度的增加而降低。沙壤土条件下,3个物种的出苗率及出苗速度都较沙土条件中的同等埋深条件下有所降低,同时,沙米和油蒿的最佳埋深由2cm降低到1cm,表明沙土比沙壤土更利于植物的出苗。沙土条件下,沙米在0~6cm各个埋深处理下都有较高的出苗率,生态适应性较沙蒿和油蒿更广,所以能够成为流动沙丘的优势物种;沙壤土条件下,沙米在各个埋深处理下开始出苗所需时间均最长,同时,沙米的幼苗死亡率也很高,但沙蒿和油蒿的幼苗死亡率很低,因此逐渐取代了沙米,成为固定、半固定沙丘上的主要物种。

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