Bowling A T,Ruvinsky A.The Genetics of the Horse.UK:CABI Publishing,2004:85-108.
[2]
Bowling A T,Zimmermann W,Ryder O A,et al.Genetic variation in Przewalski’s horses,with special focus on the last wild caught mare,231 Orlitza III.Cytogenetic and Genome Research,2000,102(1/4):226-234.
[3]
Bowling A T,Ryder O A.Switched identity of two Przewalski’s Horse mares detected by blood typing.Zoo Biology,1988,7(1):81-84.
[4]
Nabholz B,Mauffrey J F,Bazin E,et al.Determination of mitochondrial genetic diversity in mammals.Gnetics,2008,178(1):351-361.
[5]
Ishida N,Oyunsuren T,Mashima S,et al.Mitochondrial DNA sequences of various species of the Genus Equus with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Przewalski[JP8]i’[JP]s Wild Horse and Domestic Horse〔J〕.Journal of Molecular Evolution,1995,41(2):180-188.
[6]
Oakenfull E A,Lim H N,Ryder O A.A survey of Equid mitochondrial DNA:Implications for the evolution,genetic diversity and conservation of Equus.Conservation Genetics,2000,1(4):341-355.
Lister A M,Kadwell M,Kaagan L M,et al.Ancient and modern DNA from a variety of sources in a study of horse domestication.Ancient Biomolecules,1998,2:267-280.
[9]
Vila C,Leonard J A,Gotherstrom A,et al.Widespread origins of Domestic Horse lineages.Science,2001,291(19):474-477.
[10]
Jansen T,Forster P,Levine M A,et al.Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the Domestic Horse.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2002,99(16):10 905-10 910.
Breen M,Downs P,Irvin Z,et al.Intrageneric amplification of horse microsatellite markers with emphasis on the Przewalski’s Horse(E.przewalskii).Animal Genetics,1994,25(6):401-405.
[14]
Wallner B,Piumi F,Brem G,et al.Isolation of Y chromosomespecific microsatellites in the horse and crossspecies amplification in the genus Equus.Journal of Heredity,2004,95(2):158-164.
[15]
Dawson D A,Horsburgh G J,Kuepper C,et al.New methods to identify conserved microsatellite loci and develop primer sets of high crossspecies utilityas demonstrated for birds.Molecular Ecology Resources,2010,10(3):475-494.
[16]
Borchers K,Boettner D,Lieckfeldt D,et al.Characterization of equid herpesvirus 1(EHV-1) related viruses from captive Grevy’s Zebra and blackbuck.The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2006,68(7):757-760.
[17]
Terio K A,Stalis I H,Allen J L,et al.Coccidioidomysosis in Przewalski’s Horses(Equus przewalskii).Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine,2003,34(4):339-345.
[18]
Boyce W M,Weisenberger M E,Penedo M C T,et al.Wildlife Translocation:The conservation implications of pathogen exposure and genetic heterozygosity.BMC Ecology,2011,11(1):1-7.
[19]
Seabury A G. Physical Mapping and Characterization of the Equine Lymphocyte Antigen(ELA) Complex〔D〕.USA:Texas A & M University,2005.
[20]
Hedrick P W,Parker K M,Miller E L,et al.Major histocompatibility complex variation in the endangered Przewalski’s Horse.Genetics,1999,152(4):1 701-1 710.
Sommer S.The importance of immune gene variability(MHC) in evolutionary ecology and conservation.Frontiers in Zoology,2005,2(1):1-18.
[23]
AcevedoWhitehouse K,Cunningham A.Is MHC enough for understanding wildlife immunogenetics?.Trends in Ecology & Evolution,2006,21(8):433-438.
[24]
Radwan J,Kawalko A,Wojcik J,et al.MHCDRB3 variation in a freeliving population of the European bison,Bison bonasus.Molecular Ecology,2007,16(3):531-540.〖ZK)〗〖FL)〗
[25]
Wakefield S,Knowles J,Zimmermann W,et al.Status and action plan for the Przewalski’s Horse(Equus ferus przewalskii)〔C〕 //Moehlman P D.Equids-zebras,Asses,and Horses: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan.UK:IUCN Publication Services Unit,2002:82-90.
[26]
Tatin L,King S,Munkhtuya B,et al.Demography of a socially natural herd of Przewalski’s horses:An example of a small,closed population.Journal of Zoology,2009,277(2):134-140.
[27]
Sternicki T,Szablewski P,Szwaczkowski T.Inbreeding effects on lifetime in David’s Deer(Elaphurus davidianus,Milne Edwards 1866) population.Journal of Applied Genetics,2003,44(2):175-184.
[28]
Frankham R.Inbreeding in the wild really does matter.Heredity,2009,104(2):124-124.
[29]
Charlesworth D,Willis J H.The genetics of inbreeding depression.Nature Reviews Genetics,2009,10(11):783-796.
[30]
Segal S,Hill V S.Genetic susceptibility to infectious disease.Trends in Microbiology,2003,11(9):445-448.
[31]
Anna W,JozwiakowskaNitka M,Szablewski P,et al.Inbreeding in captive bred Przewalski Horses from local populations.Folia Zoologica,2008,57(3):300-307.
[32]
Kotiaho J S,Kaitala V,Komonen A,et al.Predicting the risk of extinction from shared ecological characteristics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(6):1 963-1 967.
[33]
Toro M,Caballero A.Characterization and conservation of genetic diversity in subdivided populations .Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences,2005,360:1 367-1 378.
[34]
Caballero A,RodriguezRamilo S,Avila V,et al.Management of genetic diversity of subdivided populations in conservation programmes .Conservation Genetics,2010,11(2):409-419.
Chen J L,Weng Q,Chao J,et al.Reproduction and development of the released Przewalski’s Horses(Equus przewalskii) in Xinjiang,China.Journal of Equine Science,2008,19(1):1-7.
Koulischer L,Frechkop S.Chromosome complement:A fertile hybrid between Equus priewalskii and Equus caballus.Science,1966,151(3706):93-95.
[40]
Yang F,Ru B,[JP8]O’[JP]brien P C M,et al.Karyotypic relationships of horses and zebras:Results of crossspecies chromosome painting.Cytogenet Genome Research,2003,102(1/4):235-243.
[41]
Myka J L,Lear T L,Houck M L,et al.FISH analysis comparing genome organization in the Domestic Horse(Equus caballus) to that of the Mongolian Wild Horse[WTBX](E.przewalskii)[WTBZ]〔J〕.Cytogenet Genome Research,2003,102(1/4):222-225.
[42]
Ahrens E,Stranzinger G.Comparative chromosomal studies of E.caballus(ECA) and E.przewalskii(EPR) in a female F1 hybrid.Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics,2005,122(Suppl.1):97-102.
[43]
Lau A N,Peng L,Goto H,et al.Horse domestication and conservation genetics of Przewalski’s Horse inferred from sex chromosomal and autosomal sequences〔J〕.Molecular Biology and Evolution,2009,26(1):199-208.
[44]
Bowling A T,Ryder O A.Genetic studies of blood markers in Przewalski’s Horses.Journal of Heredity,1987,78(2):75-80.
