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在XLPE电缆加速老化过程中理解水树的自愈性

, PP. 311-317

Keywords: XLPE电缆,水树老化,有限元计算,水树通道,自愈性

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Abstract:

针对加速XLPE电缆绝缘水树老化过程中发现的绝缘自愈现象,对水树生长和绝缘自愈性机理进行了分析讨论。利用水针电极法对XLPE电缆绝缘进行加速水树老化,样本介质损耗因数随老化时间推移而增大,但一旦停止施加电压,介质损耗又会逐渐恢复到较低水平,出现了自愈现象。通过建立由一系列充水微孔和微观通道连接而成的水树模型,进行电场有限元计算,发现当水树通道打开时水树尖端电场畸变严重,由此产生的扩张能量使绝缘疲劳断裂,水树生长,介质损耗增加;停止施加电压后,水树通道内出现弹性恢复使水分被挤出,通道逐渐关闭,水树区变成孤立的充水微孔,绝缘自愈。再次施加电压后,充水微孔端部和关闭的水树通道内电场显著提升,水树通道逐步打开。研究表明,水树的自愈和水树通道的打开是一个逐步的过程,需要一定的时间,主要决定于施加的电场大小和绝缘的屈服强度。

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