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纵磁下真空电弧阳极热过程的仿真

, PP. 65-73

Keywords: 纵向磁场,真空电弧,能流密度,阳极熔化,蒸发,仿真研究

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Abstract:

建立了纵磁下真空电弧阳极热过程的二维瞬态轴对称模型,并对极限开断条件下不同能流密度作用下纯铜电极的阳极热过程进行了仿真分析。通过仿真获得了阳极温度沿径向、轴向的变化过程。仿真结果表明,随着能流密度的增大,阳极温度逐渐增大,但由于温升导致蒸发作用增强,温度的增幅减弱;阳极温度最大值并没有出现在能流密度峰值时刻,而是有所滞后;阳极熔化时,阳极表面温度沿径向的分布曲线会出现拐点;同时,阳极温度沿电极的轴向衰减很快。仿真过程中还得到了阳极熔化半径、熔化深度、阳极表面饱和蒸气压及阳极蒸气通量等值的分布。在电流过零后,电极开始进入冷却阶段,但是冷却速度远小于温度上升的速度。极限开断条件下,能流密度的少许增大会引起饱和蒸气压和蒸气流量的大幅增大。仿真结果与实验结果吻合较好。

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