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基于DEM的黄土塬形态特征分析及发育阶段划分

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2014.01.005, PP. 42-49

Keywords: DEM,黄土高原,黄土塬,相对年龄,形态参数

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Abstract:

基于DEM的地形分析方法已被广泛应用于地貌学研究中,但当前研究以定性或半定量居多,利用各类参数对大面积区域的量化分析研究较少。本文以黄土高原为研究区,利用GIS及DEM地形分析方法,将坡度小于15°的正地貌提取出来,然后利用坡度与起伏度结合分析得到黄土塬顶面,两者相减得到黄土塬坡面,最终提取黄土塬1106个;选取黄土塬核心区的106个样本,分别计算坡面平均坡度、顶面长短轴比、沟壑密度、顶面与底面比、地面裂度5个指标,然后对其分别进行等级划分,计算5个指标的几何平均值,作为评价研究区黄土塬相对年龄的指标;对组合指标(I)进行分析后,将其划分为3级,分别为早期(I<1.74)、中期(1.74≤I<2.12)和晚期(I≥2.12)。研究结果显示,在黄土塬的不同发育阶段,各个形态指标整体上存在差异,各子类型内部也存在发育先后不一致的情况。在对黄土塬各子类型计算发育阶段指数之后发现,从黄土塬、黄土残塬到黄土梁塬,I值逐渐增大。形态指标的有序变化与前人研究所得的黄土地貌发育过程十分一致。

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