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土壤数据空间分辨率对水文过程模拟的影响

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.04.013, PP. 575-583

Keywords: SWAT模型,水文过程,土壤数据空间分辨率,信江流域

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Abstract:

分布式水文模型的应用,其准确性有赖于输入数据对流域特征的描述,尤其在大尺度流域,输入数据分辨率的增加是否必然改善模型的模拟效果是值得深入研究的问题。本文以鄱阳湖信江流域为研究区,运用SWAT模型为模拟工具,分析了土壤数据空间分辨率对径流、蒸发及土壤含水量等水文要素模拟的影响以及高精度土壤数据在大流域尺度的适应性。结果表明不同分辨率的土壤数据对SWAT模型中水文响应单元的划分结果差异显著,但在径流模拟和蒸发计算结果中并没有表现出显著的差别;模型率定前后,低分辨率土壤数据的径流模拟结果略好于高分辨率土壤数据,但两者之间的差别不明显;模型模拟的土壤含水量差异显著,高分辨率土壤模拟的月平均土壤含水量整体大于低分辨率土壤模拟结果;研究还发现,模型的蒸发计算对土壤分辨率信息不敏感。本文研究意味着,大尺度SWAT模型的应用中,土壤数据分辨率的提高不一定会改善模型的模拟效果。在具体应用中,应考虑流域本身的尺度以及模拟精度的要求,选择合适分辨率的土壤数据,同时应结合模型原理和关键参数的物理含义来解释模拟结果。

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