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人类活动对长江上游近期输沙变化的影响

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2010.01.003, PP. 15-22

Keywords: 长江上游,输沙变化,时期划分,影响因素

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Abstract:

利用1956-2007年径流—输沙序列，分期定量研究了长江上游近期主要干支流输沙变化及其原因，结果显示①长江上游1994-2002年输沙量减少1.43亿t/a，人为减沙占91.2%，主要来自嘉陵江措施减沙；2003-2007年减沙4.50亿t/a，径流减沙占14.1%，前期持续的人类活动减沙占39.8%，三峡水库蓄水拦沙、金沙江措施减沙等新增人为减沙占46.2%。②金沙江1983-2000年输沙量增加0.48亿t/a，人为增沙占74.7%，主要是工程增沙；2001-2007年输沙量减小1.183亿t/a，全部为人为减沙，包括二滩等各型水库拦沙、水保减沙和工程增沙减少。③嘉陵江1985-1993年输沙减少0.827亿t/a，人为减沙占81.4%，主要人为减沙包括农村社会经济因素变化导致的土壤减蚀和水库拦沙；1994-2007年输沙量减少1.285亿t/a，其中自然径流减沙占29.6%，前期持续人类活动减沙占42.1%，宝珠寺等新增水库拦沙和水保减沙占23.4%，另有4.9%的人为减水减沙。

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