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巴西土地利用/覆盖变化时空格局及驱动因素

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2015.01.009, PP. 73-82

Keywords: 巴西,驱动因素,热带雨林,时空格局,土地利用/覆盖

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Abstract:

土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)是全球变化研究的热点问题之一。本文采用人机交互方法基于2005年基准年的LandsatTM/ETM遥感影像修正欧空局GlobalCover2005年土地利用数据,进而采用逆时相目视解译法从1980年基准年的LandsatMSS/TM遥感影像数据提取1980-2005年土地利用/覆盖变化信息,分析其变化的时空格局及驱动因素。结果表明1980-2005年的25年间,巴西土地利用/覆盖变化面积达79.43万km2,占土地总面积的9.33%。其中,单纯耕地像元面积增加了20.18万km2;耕地/自然植被镶嵌混合像元区面积增加了10.70万km2;林地面积减少了53.12万km2;灌丛与草地净增加21.10万km2;水体面积增加0.46万km2;城乡建设用地面积增加7573.87km2。由此导致热带和亚热带湿润阔叶林生态地理区、热带和亚热带干旱阔叶林生态地理区、热带及亚热带草原生态地理区、草原和沼泽湿地生态地理区、沙漠和旱生植物生态地理区以及红树林生态地理区内分别呈现不同的土地利用/覆盖变化特征。近25年间,地形地貌、气候、植被等自然地理条件深刻影响着土地利用的宏观格局,而土地利用政策调控、经济及对外贸易发展、人口增加及空间迁移、道路修建等是导致巴西土地利用变化的主要原因。

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