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石羊河中游径流损耗特征及其影响因素

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2013.01.009, PP. 87-94

Keywords: 径流损耗,石羊河中游,突变点,相对损耗率,影响因素

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Abstract:

以石羊河中游为研究区域,分析了1956-2009年的径流损耗特征,通过相对损耗率和Fisher最优分割法等确定了人类活动对径流损耗的显著影响拐点为1975年,明确了人类活动影响下的径流突变点,修正了当前研究的不足。根据人类活动对径流影响的方式及强度,将近50多年的径流损耗划分为4个阶段,定量与定性相结合分析了1956-2009年不同代际的自然因素和人文因素对径流损耗的影响量和贡献率。结果表明人类活动对石羊河中游径流损耗的影响于20世纪70年代中期以后显著增加;2000年之前人文因素贡献率不断增加,自然因素贡献率相应减少,且自然因素影响量与出山径流显著相关。20世纪90年代以来,人类活动与自然过程导致的径流损耗贡献率持平,1995-1999年人类活动影响量达到6.33亿m3/a,上游来水量的62.31%被人类直接消耗,此时径流损耗的人文因素贡献率达最大值71.52%;之后开始逐渐降低,表明近年来石羊河中游人水系统矛盾有趋于缓和的迹象。

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