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西北干旱区绿洲不同灌溉制度的数值模拟

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2004.01.005, PP. 38-50

Keywords: MM5,干旱区,灌溉制度,陆面过程,数值模拟,中尺度模式

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Abstract:

运用耦合了包含土壤-植被-水文-积雪参数化的陆面过程的非静力平衡中尺度模式MM5,将水平分辨率提高到1km,在“我国西北干旱区绿洲不同水量灌溉对环境影响的数值模拟”一文的基础上,通过数值模拟的方式,运用保持土壤体积含水量稳定的方法确定灌溉制度的方法研究了我国西北干旱区绿洲7月下旬在不同灌溉制度滴灌下土壤、径流与近地层大气的不同变化状况。结果表明1.当按50m3/hm2/天的水量进行隔天灌溉,或隔4天灌溉一次,土壤体积含水量不能保持稳定,需要补充灌溉才能保证其稳定,所以这样的灌溉制度不适合于7月下旬的河西绿洲。2.均匀施灌10天,每天施灌50m3/hm2;施灌5天,隔一天施灌100m3/hm2,以及隔4天施灌一次,每次灌水250m3/hm2这三种灌溉制度中,前者形成的径流最小,土壤湿度变化幅度也最稳定,所以是最优的灌溉制度。但是现实生活中由于设备、人力等一系列客观条件限制,每天平均施灌的灌溉制度难以实现,可以采取相近的灌溉制度,如隔天施灌,尽量缩短两次灌溉间隔时间,每次所需的灌溉量很小,使得滴灌水量最大程度地转化为土壤水,减少地表径流的产生。所以说,为了不造成水资源的浪费,应该在选取合适灌溉水量的基础上,依合理的施灌制度进行灌溉,这样的水其利用率会比较高,达到节水灌溉的功效,从而为干旱区节约有限的水资源。

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