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干旱区城市化与生态环境交互胁迫过程研究进展及展望

DOI: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2005.06.004, PP. 31-41

Keywords: 城市化,干旱区,生态环境,研究进展

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Abstract:

城市化进程与生态环境之间客观上存在着种种矛盾与胁迫作用,在干旱区表现的尤为突出。本文系统总结了当前国内外关于干旱区城市化与生态环境交互胁迫过程研究在理论、观点、方法与实践等方面取得的最新进展,提出了干旱区城市化与生态环境在交互胁迫中相互促进的观点,指出了当前该领域研究的薄弱环节,并展望了未来主要的研究方向。研究认为,国际学者普遍关注城市化与生态环境交互作用关系的研究,涌现了一系列研究城市化与生态环境关系的理论;非常重视城市化与生态环境交互作用机理的研究,主要从城市人口集聚、经济增长、空间扩展等层面分析城市化对生态环境的胁迫作用;从生态条件、资源条件、环境污染等层面探讨生态环境对城市化的束缚作用;广泛采用“3S”技术和定量分析方法来评价城市化与生态环境的交互响应过程;逐步加强对干旱区城市化与生态环境可持续发展途径的研究。国内学者主要对干旱区水资源紧张及生态恶化原因,城市化与生态环境交互胁迫机理,城市化与生态环境之间的EKC模型、双指数模型和耦合度模型等定量分析手段,城市化发展模式等进行了研究。当前单独研究城市化或生态环境的较多,将二者结合起来的较少;实证研究较多,规律总结较少;定性分析较多,定量研究较少;胁迫效应研究较多,约束效应研究较少,至今尚未形成独立的理论体系。从发展趋势来看,多学科融合、与实践紧密结合、新技术方法的应用与动态模拟化将是今后国内外研究的主要发展方向。

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