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-  2015 

旅游社会——生态系统的运行机制——以西安市上王村为例

DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201505016

Keywords: 旅游社会—生态系统,生态旅游者,大众旅游者,退化系数,动力机制

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Abstract:

摘要: 乡村旅游人地关系研究迫切需要新的视角。将乡村视作以旅游发展为基础的局域社会—生态系统,认为其本质是将乡村自然环境、社会经济和旅游发展联接起来,构建一种“全景式”审视村域人地关系的分析框架。借鉴社会—生态系统的相关理论,以陕西秦岭北麓上王村为例,构建乡村旅游社会—生态系统模型,通过实地调查和访谈获取数据,以游客分类为基础,辨识了乡村旅游社会—生态系统获得稳态的关键变量,分析系统内部运行的动力机制。主要结论:① 划分出生态旅游者和大众旅游者,通过识别不同游客的旅游偏好,结合生态系统商品与服务的质量,以及资本变量,构建旅游社会—生态系统的四维模型,理清指标的关键变量。② 通过模型计算,得到维持系统稳态的阈值(退化系数)ω在0.2587~0.3605之间,各子系统的关键变量包括与生态旅游者相关的“娱乐方式”、“景区内部道路完善性”、“景区旅游接待设施的完善”和“人类是世界的主宰”,与大众旅游者相关的“便宜的住宿”、“人类需要和环境和谐共处”和“景区旅游接待设施的完善”,与环境相关的“发展旅游的条件”,与资本相关的“景区基础设施的退化程度”。③ 景区管理者在政策制定方面,应根据游客行为的特征和反馈,做出调整和改变,以应对和减缓当地社会—生态系统的负面影响,促进乡村旅游发展的“可持续性”。

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