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-  2014 

明代江南地区的疫灾地理

DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201408015

Keywords: 疫灾,地理分布,江南地区,明代

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Abstract:

摘要: 疫灾是急性传染病大规模流行引起的灾害,自古就是人类健康和生命安全的巨大威胁。依据历史文献,采用数理统计、GIS分析和地图表达方法对明代江南地区的疫灾时空变迁进行研究。从时间演化看,明代江南地区至少有63年发生过疫灾,疫灾频度约23%。其中,1368-1464年间为9%,1465-1566年间为25%,1567-1644年间为36%,总体上疫灾趋于频繁。嘉靖、万历、崇祯三朝为疫灾群发期,集中了整个明代63%的疫灾之年。夏秋季节是疫灾多发季节,明代75%的疫灾发生在这两个季节。疫灾频度的长期上升趋势明显,整个明代经历了7个波长为30~50年的波动周期。从空间分布看,明代江南地区的疫灾与太湖的安澜与否密切相关,疫灾大多由水灾引起,因此,其疫灾分布重心始终位于吴县境内的太湖之中。疫灾高发区不断变化,1368-1464年间是苏州、湖州、松江(今上海)围成的三角地带,1465-1566年间是以苏州为中心的湖滨地区,1567-1644年间则几乎所有府城周边都是疫灾高发区。明代江南地区疫灾地理分布的总体特征是:府级城市疫灾多于县级城市,交通沿线城市疫灾多于地方偏僻城市,人口稠密区疫灾多于人口稀疏区;疫灾“热点区”分布在湖区,“冷点区”分布在山区。

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