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-  2011 

1980~2007年喜马拉雅东段洛扎地区冰川变化遥感监测

DOI: 10.11821/yj2011050018

Keywords: 冰川变化,遥感监测,喜马拉雅,洛扎地区

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Abstract:

摘要: 利用1980年地形图和多年遥感资料,采用目视解译方法手工提取了喜马拉雅东段洛扎地区4个时期的冰川信息,对冰川时空分布特征和变化与不确定性进行了分析,并结合近28年(1980~2007年)的气温、降水量资料对研究区的冰川变化原因进行了研究。结果表明:(1)1980~2007年,洛扎地区冰川面积从491.64 km2减少至410.87 km2,退缩了80.76 km2,占1980年总面积的16.4%;(2)冰川规模等级和面积减少百分比呈反相关关系,该地区1980年面积在1 km2以内的冰川多达236条,占冰川总数量的71.7%,这使得洛扎地区冰川系统对气候变化十分敏感;(3)1980~2007年,主要的冰川消融发生在海拔6500 m以下,面积减少共79.76 km2,占研究区冰川退缩总面积的98.8%,而海拔6500 m以上面积仅减少1 km2,占研究区冰川退缩总面积的1.2%;(4)1980~2007年,不同坡度的冰川面积都在减小,低坡度上的消融量比较大而高坡度上消融量比较小;(5)1980~2007年,各个坡向的冰川面积都在减少,但东坡、东南坡、南坡和西南坡冰川消融量大,北坡、东北坡、西坡和西北坡消融量较小;(6)喜马拉雅东段冰川面积退缩速率比中、西段快,喜马拉雅地区冰川退缩比青藏高原腹地的冰川退缩快;(7)1980年以来,气温升高和降水在波动中变化不大是本区冰川退缩的主要原因

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