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-  2014 

创建统一的中华国家公园体系——美国历史经验的启示

DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201412017

Keywords: 国家公园,中华国家公园体系,管理体制,可持续发展,生态文明建设

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Abstract:

摘要: 以近10年研究中美两国国家公园体系建设的成果为基础,结合近期的实地考察,应用历史比较研究方法,分析了中美两国的国家公园体系发展与演进。全面探讨了美国国家公园体系的演变,以及从19世纪70年代积累下来的重要经验,展示了美国政府如何将401个具有多元性格的公园单位组建为一个具有内生凝聚力的国家公园体系的过程。运用比较研究方法,剖析了在从“全球半开放”到“全球开放”的过程中,中国政府如何致力于建构和应用国家公园新概念,并在多个部门之间形成了分散而具有异质特征的公园管理体制。从早期开始,中国的公园体系就有了全然不同的命名框架和管理政策,其结果是在不同机构之间衍生出不同的管理目标和政策重点。建议学术界与政府共同努力,认真研讨如何尽早创立一个趋向统一而具有民族凝聚力的中华国家公园体系。

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