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-  2015 

生态系统综合评估研究进展:内涵、框架与挑战

DOI: 10.11821/dlyj201510001

Keywords: 生态系统,综合评估,生态系统服务,生态资产,生态系统管理

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Abstract:

摘要: 自然生态系统中的所有生物和非生物都具有双重属性,既是生态系统不可或缺的组成部分,也是人类社会可持续发展的基础资源。客观准确地评估生态系统状况,不仅是生态系统生态学所面临的一个科学问题,更是人类可持续发展所面临的一个生态系统综合管理问题。如何客观全面地评估生态系统现状、变化和趋势,是生态学领域研究的热点和难点之一,成为关系着人类社会可持续发展的关键性命题之一。根据当前国内外研究主要成果,从生态系统综合评估的概念和内涵、框架模式和主要内容、发展趋势和挑战等三个方面,梳理和分析了生态系统综合评估的研究进展。基于“社会—经济—自然”复合生态系统角度和社会与生态系统的互动过程,综述了生态系统管理、生态系统服务、生态资产等概念和内涵,讨论和梳理了三者之间的关系。对相关国际组织和政府实施的全球、区域、国家等不同尺度的生态系统综合评估,分析归纳为“生态压力—政策响应”、“生态系统服务—人类福祉”、“服务价值—自然益惠”、“综合状况—变化趋势”等四种评估框架模式。但是,面对多元、综合、复杂、开放的生态系统,基于生态系统与人类社会交互关系的评估框架及相关理论研究、生态系统综合评估指标和方法体系构建、观测技术方法集成和数据同化、时空尺度选择和确定的协同等科学问题,将会成为今后生态系统综合评估发展趋势和挑战。

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