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菌物学报  2015 

自然入侵条件下黄顶菊丛枝菌根定殖及发育的研究

DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.130208, PP. 82-90

Keywords: 丛枝菌根真菌,外来入侵植物,孢子密度,丛枝菌根真菌侵染率,丛枝着生率

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Abstract:

为探讨丛枝菌根(arbuscularmycorrhiza,AM)真菌在黄顶菊Flaveriabidentis入侵过程中可能发挥的作用,首先调查和研究了黄顶菊AM的侵入和生长表现。在黄顶菊入侵严重的河北省选择采样地点,分别从衡水地区的滨湖新区小北田村、冀州市漳下村、枣强县北王庄村、桃城区八里庄村、滨湖新区顺民庄村和滨湖新区刘家台村6个地点按黄顶菊重、中、轻3种盖度和不同生育期(苗期、花期和结籽期)采集根系和根区土样。分离根区土壤中AM真菌孢子、观察AM发育特征、测定孢子密度、AM真菌侵染率、丛枝着生率等,并与土壤理化性质进行了相关性分析。结果在各采样地点均观察到AM典型结构,不同样地菌丝侵染率、I型丛枝密度以及孢子密度的最大值均出现在八里庄村,泡囊密度和A型丛枝密度的最大值分别出现在小北田村和刘家台村;不同盖度下AM真菌侵染率最高值均出现在重度侵染区;不同生长时期黄顶菊的AM也有差异,除了丛枝密度最高值出现在花期和菌丝侵染率差异不显著外,菌丝侵染率、泡囊密度和孢子密度均在结籽期出现最大值。土壤理化特性也显著影响黄顶菊AM的发育,菌丝侵染率与土壤有机质呈显著正相关,与pH值呈显著负相关,与速效P含量呈极显著负相关;A型丛枝密度与pH含量呈显著负相关;I型丛枝密度与土壤全N含量呈极显著正相关;孢子密度与有机质含量和全N含量均呈显著正相关。因此,AM真菌侵染可能会促进黄顶菊的入侵。

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