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菌物学报  2015 

黑木耳复合群中种类学名说明

DOI: 10.13346/j.mycosystema.150052, PP. 604-611

Keywords: 木耳,食用菌,拉丁名称

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Abstract:

黑木耳在我国已经有1000多年栽培历史,是我国最重要的栽培真菌之一,多年来我国黑木耳的学名一直使用模式产地为欧洲的Auriculariaauricula-judae。最近的研究表明A.auricula-judae实际为一复合种,该复合种在全球范围内有5个种。其中A.auricula-judae仅分布于欧洲;美洲有2个种,生长在针叶树上的美洲木耳A.americana和生长在阔叶树上的尚未命名的木耳。中国该类群有3个种:自然分布和栽培最广泛的黑木耳的学名应为A.heimuer,此外,短毛木耳A.villosula在我国东北也广泛分布,并有少量栽培,生长针叶树上的木耳为美洲木耳A.americana,主要分布于中国东北和华北。

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